The seroprevalence of brucellosis and molecular characterization of Brucella species circulating in the beef cattle herds in Albania

Fero, Edi; Juma, Arla; Koni, Anita; Boci, Jonida; Kirandjiski, T.; Connor, Robert; Wareth, Gamal; Koleci, Xhelil

doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0229741

Cited by 16 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 24 publications

(26 reference statements)

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“…However, it is not well-developed, very extensive, and faces significant challenges to achieve disease control. The major infectious diseases of cattle in Albania are bovine brucellosis, bovine tuberculosis, anthrax, and lumpy skin disease (10). These diseases are all regulated and are a priority for Albanian veterinary services.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Overview of Current Approaches and Challenges to the Control of Endemic Infectious Cattle Diseases in Albania

et al. 2021

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Agriculture is an important production sector in Albania that makes a significant contribution to the gross domestic product (GDP) and employment. The livestock sector contributes more than half of the agricultural GDP. The Albanian cattle population represents 50% of the total livestock units and accounts for 85% of the national milk production, the rest being supplied by small ruminants. Cattle productivity, health and welfare are hindered by infectious diseases, some of which are also transmissible to humans (zoonosis). The aim of this manuscript is to provide an overview of the control of selected regulated and non-EU regulated cattle diseases in Albania and to highlight specific challenges for the Albanian cattle industry. The most important infectious cattle diseases in Albania for which national control and eradication strategies are in place are bovine brucellosis, bovine tuberculosis, and anthrax, which are all zoonotic. Additionally, lumpy skin disease recently emerged in the Balkan region and is currently subject to controls. Most of the available funds and European Union support are allocated to the control of EU regulated zoonotic diseases. For control of non-EU regulated cattle diseases, no funds are available resulting in the lack of national control programmes (CPs). Based on research, clinical investigations and laboratory results, several non-EU regulated cattle infectious diseases appear endemic in Albanian dairy farms. While no national CPs exist for any of them, regional initiatives are available on a voluntary basis to control infectious bovine rhinotracheitis and bovine viral diarrhea. In the voluntary CPs, there is no monitored requirement to prove disease freedom of purchased animals and to re-evaluate the herd's free status after the introduction of animals into a herd. Data on animal movements that are routinely collected could potentially be used to control the risk of purchase, but quality needs to be further improved to increase its usefulness in disease CPs. This overview aims to collate existing information on the CPs implemented in Albania and to evaluate these to highlight gaps and threats in disease control, as well as opportunities and strengths through a SWOT (Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, and Threats) analysis, with the goal of providing a framework for the future implementation of animal disease control measures in Albania.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Overview of Current Approaches and Challenges to the Control of Endemic Infectious Cattle Diseases in Albania

et al. 2021

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“…The udder is among the predilection sites of Brucella spp. (52,53) and meat inspection should focus on the udder. Meat inspection provides safe meat and contributes to the monitoring and surveillance for animal infectious diseases and zoonoses (54).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seroprevalence of brucellosis and molecular characterization of Brucella spp. from slaughtered cattle in Rwanda

Ntivuguruzwa

Kolo

Mwikarago

et al. 2021

Preprint

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Bovine brucellosis is endemic in Rwanda, although, there is paucity of documented evidence about the disease in slaughtered cattle. A cross-sectional study was conducted in slaughtered cattle (n=300) to determine the seroprevalence of anti- Brucella antibodies using the Rose Bengal Test (RBT), and indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (i-ELISA). Corresponding tissues were cultured onto a modified Centro de Investigación y Tecnología Agroalimentaria (CITA) selective medium and analysed for Brucella spp. using the 16S-23S ribosomal interspacer region (ITS), AMOS, and Bruce-ladder PCR assays. The RBT seroprevalence was 20.7% (62/300), and 2.9% (8/300) with i-ELISA and 2.9% (8/300) using both tests in parallel. Brucella specific 16S-23S ribosomal DNA interspace region (ITS) PCR detected Brucella DNA in 5.6% (17/300; Brucella culture prevalence). AMOS-PCR assay identified mixed B. abortus and B. melitensis (n=3), B. abortus (n=3) and B. melitensis (n=5) while Bruce-ladder PCR also identified B. abortus (n=5) and B. melitensis (n=6). The gold standard culture method combined with PCR confirmation identified 5.6% Brucella cultures which is higher than the more sensitive seroprevalence of 2.9%. This emphasizes the need to validate the serological tests in Rwanda. The mixed infection caused by B. abortus and B. melitensis in slaughtered cattle indicates cross-infection and poses a risk of exposure potential to abattoir workers. It is essential to urgently strengthen the national bovine brucellosis control program through vaccination as well as test-and-slaughter.

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“…Also, surveillance and movement control were also implemented at a very low level, resulting in a drastic increase in cases of brucellosis. Brucella abortus vaccine, strain RB-51, live culture, licensed in 1996, has been extensively used in USA to eradicate brucellosis [73][74][75][76][77].…”

Section: Control and Prevention Of Brucellosismentioning

confidence: 99%

Brucellosis: Current Status Of The Disease And Future Perspectives

Sulayman

Bora

Sabir

et al. 2020

Postępy Mikrobiologii - Advancements of Microbiology

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Brucellosis is a transmissible bacterial zoonotic disease caused by Gram-negative coccobacillus bacteria of the genus Brucella. The disease severely hinders the livestock industry and human health. In several instances, infected animals act as carriers for the crossspecies transmission of brucellosis. Social issues, poor husbandry practices, irregularities in the marketing and movement of domestic animals, and lack of coordination between veterinary and human health services are some of the key factors responsible for the transmission and prevalence of Brucellosis. Human contact with infected domestic animals is often the transmission route of Brucellosis infection. Therefore, human brucellosis could be eradicated globally by eradicating animal brucellosis. This review describes the current status of brucellosis and the risk factors of the disease in animals and the human population. In addition, there is a further discussion of the various issues related to the control and prevention of brucellosis in domestic animals and humans.

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The seroprevalence of brucellosis and molecular characterization of Brucella species circulating in the beef cattle herds in Albania

Cited by 16 publications

References 24 publications

An Overview of Current Approaches and Challenges to the Control of Endemic Infectious Cattle Diseases in Albania

An Overview of Current Approaches and Challenges to the Control of Endemic Infectious Cattle Diseases in Albania

Seroprevalence of brucellosis and molecular characterization of Brucella spp. from slaughtered cattle in Rwanda

Brucellosis: Current Status Of The Disease And Future Perspectives

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