The Serological Relationships of the Rickettsiae of Epidemic and Murine Typhus

Craigie, James; Watson, Dennis W.; Clark, Eina M.; Malcomson, M. Elizabeth

doi:10.1139/cjr46e-011

Cited by 15 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…Fu pothesized that the rickettsiae have es surface structures and that the native hea has both species-specific and common nants (12). Craigie et al (6) proposed antigenic determinants of rickettsiae are molecular entities. Dasch et al extract antigens from R. typhi and R. prowazekii strated several of their important propert lability and ability to stimulate protectic infection (8).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Protective monoclonal antibodies recognize heat-labile epitopes on surface proteins of spotted fever group rickettsiae

Lenz

Walker

1988

Infect Immun

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Thirty-eight monoclonal antibodies that have not been reported previously were developed from mice immunized with Rickettsia rickettsii, R. conorii, and R. sibirica. Western immunoblotting showed that these monoclonal antibodies are directed against heat-sensitive epitopes which are located on two major surface polypeptides with molecular sizes ranging from 115 to 150 kilodaltons. The detection of the two bands did not depend on the presence of 2-mercaptoethanol. Both bands were destroyed by treatment with proteinase K. Monoclonal antibodies examined by immunofluorescence assay reacted with epitopes that are species specific, group reactive, or shared among a smaller subset of species of spotted fever group rickettsiae. Nine of the monoclonal antibodies were evaluated for their ability to neutralize rickettsial infection and thus protect animnals against disease caused by homologous species of rickettsiae. Treatment of rickettsiae with monoclonal antibodies F3-12, F3-14, and F3-36 completely protected guinea pigs against illness caused by the homologous organism R. rickettsii. Monoclonal antibodies F9-5G11 and F15-5B12, derived from mice immunized with R. sibirica, conferred partial protection by delaying the onset and shortening the duration of fever in guinea pigs inoculated with R. sibirica. Monoclonal antibodies F2-15, F2-31, F2-53, and F3-12 protected mice from a lethal infection with R. conorii. Heat-labile epitopes of spotted fever group rickettsial surface proteins are important candidate antigens for development of vaccines to confer protective immunity.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Protective monoclonal antibodies recognize heat-labile epitopes on surface proteins of spotted fever group rickettsiae

Lenz

Walker

1988

Infect Immun

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“…Incubation of the rickettsial inoculum with specific immune serum resulted in reduction of the number of focal p' ulmonary lesions produced by intranasal inocula tion. Craigie et al (24) have described a modification of the Giroud skin test in rabbits. The lesions produced are specifically altered by immune serum, and their methods allow quantitative estima tion of the antibody content.…”

Section: Serologic Tests and Preparation Of Antigensmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Rickettsiae

Topping¹,

Shepard²

1947

Annu. Rev. Microbiol.

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The rickettsiae and the diseases they cause have been inten sively studied during the past six years. The recent work was stimulated by the probability that many troops would be exposed to certain of the rickettsial diseases during the war. Another strong stimulus was the development of methods for the culth:ation of large numbers of rickettsiae in the yolk sacs of hens' fertile eggs. Until 1940-41 the investigations of this group or organisms had been primarily concerned with the diseases per se, the epidemi ology, vector transmission, and reservoirs. Zinsser and his group and others had done some work on serological relationships but were handicapped by the fact that production of adequate quanti ties of suspensions rich in rickettsiae was difficult if not almost impossible. Much had been done on the relationships of the rickettsiae to the Proteus X strains although no very satisfactory explanation of the Weil-Felix test had been forth coming. The dif ferentiation of the various rickettsial agents depended almost en tirely upon the disease picture produced in animals and the results of cross-immunity and neutralization tests. These at best were fre quently somewhat crude and demonstrated only major differences. Only Rocky Mountain spotted fever vaccine had been produced in sufficient quantity to be of practical significance. It was derived from the tissues of infected ticks and its manufacture so tedious and costly that the supply was very limited. Many had described methods for the preparation of vaccines against typhus fever but none of these had been definitely proven to be of value, or they involved such difficult and delicate procedures that they were not considered practical.This, then, was the status of the rickettsial field when several methods were described for the cultivation of large numbers of rickettsiae, and the war focused attention upon this group of dis eases. 333 Annu. Rev. Microbiol. 1947.1:333-350. Downloaded from www.annualreviews.org Access provided by University of Bath on 02/04/15. For personal use only. Quick links to online content Further ANNUAL REVIEWS

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“…Craigie and his associates developed a direct mouse test for the assay of typhus vaccines (12) and showed that mice injected with such vaccines were actively immunized against the toxic factors of murine or epidemic rickettsiae injected either intraperitoneally or intravenously. They further more showed that the antibodies induced by the toxoids (vaccines) against the toxins of epidemic or murine rickettsiae are type specific and that the heterologous type of vaccine confers no regular cross immunity to the toxic factor even when large doses of vaccine are used in the mouse antigenicity test.…”

Section: Rickettsial Toxinsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Viral and Rickettsial Toxins

Cox¹

1953

Annu. Rev. Microbiol.

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The Serological Relationships of the Rickettsiae of Epidemic and Murine Typhus

Cited by 15 publications

References 2 publications

Protective monoclonal antibodies recognize heat-labile epitopes on surface proteins of spotted fever group rickettsiae

Protective monoclonal antibodies recognize heat-labile epitopes on surface proteins of spotted fever group rickettsiae

The Rickettsiae

Viral and Rickettsial Toxins

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