The Serological Classification of 89 Strains of Leptospiræ From North Queensland, Including Five Serotypes New to Australia

Leptospira icterohaemorrhagiae Subserotype Incompleta Isolated from Wildlife in Pennsylvania

“…The agglutinin-absorption studies comparing L. icterohaemorrhagiae subserotype incomnpleta RGA and the five cultures revealed less than 10 percent of the homologous titer remaining after adequate cross absorptions ( [8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19], State and local public welfare and public health personnel, both medical and nonmedical, will study planning, administration, and evaluation of medical care programs for the needy, discuss the relationships of these programs to community health services and medical care programs for the entire population, and explore ways by which health and welfare departments may work together and consider new approaches to the provision of medical care. Collaborating in this institute are the Public Health Service, the Bureau of Family Services of the Welfare Administration, Department of Health, Education, and Welfare, the American Public Welfare Association, and the School of Social Work of the University of Michigan.…”

“…giae from various animal species have been re¬ ported in the literature with no differentiation made as to which subserotype was found (5)(6)(7)(8)(9)(10)(11)(12)(13)(14)(15)(16)(17) 1.0, 2.0, 4.0, and 6.0 ml. of 7-day cultures of each leptospiral strain grown in Fletcher's medium (20).…”

The epidemiology of leptospirosis in North Queensland: I. General survey of animal hosts

“…This distinctive serotype was described by Smith et al (1954), and it proved to be widespread in the area, twenty-four human infections being recorded, including the only case of urban leptospirosis in Cairns. It seems to be associated primarily with forest animals, but it has also been found in I. macrourus and M. lutillus in canefields, and it may infect cattle.…”

“…Lumley (1937) named the first two serotypes isolated, and three others had been identified (Johnson, 1950) by the time the Institute's Field Station was established at Innisfail (170 32' S., 1460 02' E.) in 1951. Subsequent investigation of cases of fever increased the number of serotypes known to infect man in the area to fourteen (Sinnamon et al 1953;Smith et al 1954;Smith & Brown, 1955;Broom & Smith, 1956;Addamiano, Babudieri & Smith, 1960;Alexander & Smith, 1962), and their general epidemiology was analysed by Derrick et al (1954) and Derrick (1956). A fifteenth (Leptospira bindjei) has been recognized since our work was completed, and is reported in Part II (Battey, Smith & Barrow, 1964).…”

The Epidemiology of Leptospirosis in the United States

“…In addition, bats, mon¬ gooses, bandicoots (5), jackals (6), foxes, opos¬ sums, raccoons, skunks, and wildcats (1) (25) and cattle (23 than one-third of these cases was found to be contact with infected cattle or swine may be attributed, in part, to the rapid spread of bovine leptospirosis in the United States. York (46) reported occurrence of the disease in only 12 States prior to 1951. By 1956 it had been recognized in 42 States, according to data ob¬ tained from a summary of animal morbidity reports sent to CDC, published reports, and positive serum samples examined at CDC (28).…”