The serine protease Corin is a novel modifier of the agouti pathway

Enshell-Seijffers, David; Lindon, Catherine; Morgan, Bruce

doi:10.1242/dev.011031

Cited by 110 publications

(123 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…Some DP genes, such as Crabp1 (Collins and Watt, 2008), were highly expressed in all adult groups relative to the 'Neonatal' group. Consistent with a previous report (Enshell-Seijffers et al, 2008), the DP-specific serine protease 5194 RESEARCH ARTICLE Development 138 (23) Corin was highly upregulated in both the 'Anagen' group and 'Ectopic follicles' group (in which anagen follicles are also present) relative to the 'Telogen' group. Some DP genes were upregulated in both the 'Ectopic follicles' and 'Neonatal' groups, relative to the other two adult groups, implying a specific association with hair follicle neogenesis.…”

Section: Dynamic Expression Of Dp Signature Genessupporting

confidence: 89%

Reprogramming adult dermis to a neonatal state through epidermal activation of β-catenin

2011

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SUMMARYHair follicle formation depends on reciprocal epidermal-dermal interactions and occurs during skin development, but not in adult life. This suggests that the properties of dermal fibroblasts change during postnatal development. To examine this, we used a PdgfraEGFP mouse line to isolate GFP-positive fibroblasts from neonatal skin, adult telogen and anagen skin and adult skin in which ectopic hair follicles had been induced by transgenic epidermal activation of b-catenin (EF skin). We also isolated epidermal cells from each mouse. The gene expression profile of EF epidermis was most similar to that of anagen epidermis, consistent with activation of b-catenin signalling. By contrast, adult dermis with ectopic hair follicles more closely resembled neonatal dermis than adult telogen or anagen dermis. In particular, genes associated with mitosis were upregulated and extracellular matrixassociated genes were downregulated in neonatal and EF fibroblasts. We confirmed that sustained epidermal b-catenin activation stimulated fibroblasts to proliferate to reach the high cell density of neonatal skin. In addition, the extracellular matrix was comprehensively remodelled, with mature collagen being replaced by collagen subtypes normally present only in developing skin. The changes in proliferation and extracellular matrix composition originated from a specific subpopulation of fibroblasts located beneath the sebaceous gland. Our results show that adult dermis is an unexpectedly plastic tissue that can be reprogrammed to acquire the molecular, cellular and structural characteristics of neonatal dermis in response to cues from the overlying epidermis.

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Section: Dynamic Expression Of Dp Signature Genessupporting

confidence: 89%

Reprogramming adult dermis to a neonatal state through epidermal activation of β-catenin

2011

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“…+ and GFP -CD133 + datasets and have previously been reported to be ubiquitous dermal papilla markers (Enshell-Seijffers et al, 2008;Rendl et al, 2005;Rendl et al, 2008), were detected at the mRNA and protein levels at all time points in both types of dermal papilla (Fig. 5A,F; data not shown).…”

Section: Research Articlesupporting

confidence: 61%

“…Progress has been made in identifying genes that are specifically expressed in the dermal papilla compared with other dermal fibroblasts (Enshell-Seijffers et al, 2008;Rendl et al, 2005). However, the potential heterogeneity of dermal papilla cells is largely unexplored.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sox2-positive dermal papilla cells specify hair follicle type in mammalian epidermis

et al. 2009

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The dermal papilla comprises the specialised mesenchymal cells at the base of the hair follicle. Communication between dermal papilla cells and the overlying epithelium is essential for differentiation of the hair follicle lineages. We report that Sox2 is expressed in all dermal papillae at E16.5,but from E18.5 onwards expression is confined to a subset of dermal papillae. In postnatal skin, Sox2 is only expressed in the dermal papillae of guard/awl/auchene follicles, whereas CD133 is expressed both in guard/awl/auchene and in zigzag dermal papillae. Using transgenic mice that express GFP under the control of the Sox2 promoter, we isolated Sox2+ (GFP+) CD133+ cells and compared them with Sox2- (GFP-) CD133+ dermal papilla cells. In addition to the `core' dermal papilla gene signature, each subpopulation expressed distinct sets of genes. GFP+CD133+ cells had upregulated Wnt, FGF and BMP pathways and expressed neural crest markers. In GFP- CD133+ cells,the hedgehog, IGF, Notch and integrin pathways were prominent. In skin reconstitution assays, hair follicles failed to form when dermis was depleted of both GFP+ CD133+ and GFP-CD133+ cells. In the absence of GFP+ CD133+cells, awl/auchene hairs failed to form and only zigzag hairs were found. We have thus demonstrated a previously unrecognised heterogeneity in dermal papilla cells and shown that Sox2-positive cells specify particular hair follicle types.

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“…Genomic interference with attractin or Mgrn1 function has been shown to reduce production of pheomelanin and to produce large amounts of eumelanin particularly in hair coats of mice homozygous for the mutations (Barsh, 2006). In addition, expression of the transmembrane serine protease (proteolytic enzyme) corin, produced by fibroblasts in the DP, has been shown to inhibit ASP signalling and contribute to maintenance of eumelanin production during anagen in pelage hair follicles of mice (Enshell-Seijffers et al, 2008).…”

Section: Biology Of Pigment Productionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fundamental hair follicle biology and fine fibre production in animals

Galbraith

2010

Animal

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Hair 'fine' fibre is an important commercial product of farmed and certain wild animal species. The fibre is produced in follicles embedded in skin. These have properties in common with other tissues of the integument and have importance in determining yield and quality of fibre. Means of understanding and improving these characteristics are informed by knowledge of integumental and follicle biology. This paper reviews contemporary information that identifies the major fibre-producing species and their production characteristic. It surveys knowledge describing fundamental biology of the integument and considers information derived for the hair follicle from studies on a number of species including genetically modified mice. It identifies the composition of the follicle and describes components and interrelationships between epidermal hair-fibre producing epidermis and fibroblastand connective tissue-containing dermis. The structure of different primary and secondary follicle types, and associated structures, are described. Focus is given to the alterations in anatomy and in behaviour from active to inactive state, which occurs during the hair follicle cycle. Information is provided on the anatomical substructures (hair medulla, cortex, cuticles and supporting sheaths and dermal papilla), cellular and extracellular composition, and adhesion and chemical signalling systems, which regulate development from the early embryo to post-natal state and subsequent cycling. Such signalling involves the dermis and its specialist fibroblasts, which secrete signalling molecules, which along with those from local epidermis and systemic sources, largely determine structure and function of epidermal cells. Such chemical signalling typically includes endocrine-, paracrine-, autocrine-and juxtacrine-acting molecules and interactions with their receptors located on cell membranes or intracellularly with transduction of message mediated by transcription factors at gene level. Important hormones and growth factors and inhibitors regulating morphogenic and/or mitogenic activity are identified. These mediate mechanisms associated with presence or absence in skin and development of patterning for primary or secondary follicles. Reference is made to deposition of individual keratins and keratin-associated proteins in follicle sub-structures and to fibre properties such as length, diameter, medullation, crimp and lustre. Pre-and post-natal regulation of pigmentation by melanocytes is reviewed. Brief attention is given to genomic and non-genomic variation and impact on the phenotypes expressed and the role of regulatory gene products as potential molecular markers for selection of superior animals. The importance of nutrients in providing substrates for follicular structures and enzymes and in molecules facilitating gene expression is also considered.

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The serine protease Corin is a novel modifier of the agouti pathway

Cited by 110 publications

References 44 publications

Reprogramming adult dermis to a neonatal state through epidermal activation of β-catenin

Reprogramming adult dermis to a neonatal state through epidermal activation of β-catenin

Sox2-positive dermal papilla cells specify hair follicle type in mammalian epidermis

Fundamental hair follicle biology and fine fibre production in animals

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