The Serial Multiple Mediating Effects of Social Withdrawal and Smartphone Dependency and the Influence of Negative Parenting Attitude on Adolescents’ Academic Helplessness

Abstract

This study examined the effects of negative parenting attitudes on adolescents’ academic helplessness through the mediating effects of social withdrawal and smartphone dependency. Data from the panel study of Korean Children and Youth Panel Survey 2018 (KCYPS 2018) collected by the National Youth Policy Institute (NYPI) was used to examine the research model. The subjects of the study consisted of 2,541 first grade middle school students (1,375 boys and 1,166 girls). Confirmatory factor analysis [CFA], structural equation modeling [SEM], and bootstrapping analysis were conducted by means of SPSS 25.0, AMOS 25.0, and Hayes’s PROCESS programs to examine the serial multiple mediating effects. The study results were as follows. First, negative parenting attitude had a direct effect on adolescents’ academic helplessness. This implies that adolescents who perceive their parents’ attitudes to be high in coercive, rejective, and chaotic levels indicate that they can easily get exhausted in academic settings. Second, negative parenting attitudes had an indirect effect on adolescents’ academic helplessness through social withdrawal and smartphone dependency. The results suggest that a high level of negative parenting attitude leads to higher social withdrawal and smartphone dependency that influences adolescents’ academic helplessness.

What makes children aged 10 to 13 engage in problematic smartphone use? A longitudinal study of changing patterns considering individual, parental, and school factors

“…A greater score shows a greater level of social withdrawal. This scale indicates good reliability in the Korean adolescent samples ( Kim, Han, Park, & Kang, 2020 ), and the Cronbach's α was 0.860. The questionnaire asked about the amount of exercise in the past week based on the time spent sweating during exercise.…”

Relationship between Family Type and Health Behaviors in Korean Adolescent: Based on the 17th Youth Health Behavior Survey

“…Influences of family type on health behaviors 있다[25]. 또한 부모의 양육 특성과 청소년과 부모의 관계 와 상호작용의 질이 청소년의 인터넷 중독과 관련이 있는 것으로 보고 되고 있다[4,26,27]. 특히, 결손가정의 경우, 현실적인 경제적, 시간적 부 족으로 인해 자녀의 양육은 어려워지며, 더불어 청소년에 대한 지지적 가정환경 조성이 방해되어 자녀의 불안정 및 부모와 소통할 수 없는 상황에 대한 보상작용으로 과도한 인터넷 및 스마트폰 이용이 일어날 수 있다고 하였다[28].…”

Parenting Attitudes Profiles as Perceived by Adolescents: The Influence of Parents’ Life Satisfaction and Self-Esteem and Academic Engagement and Academic Helplessness of the Adolescents Associated with the Profiles

“…부모가 거부, 강요, 비일관성과 같은 부정적 태도 를 바탕으로 자녀와 상호작용하게 되면 자녀는 쉽게 위축되고 자 신감을 상실하며, 이는 학업무기력 뿐만 아니라 사회성 발달도 저 해할 수 있다(Choi. 2020;Kim et al, 2020). 부모가 자녀의 학 업성취에 과도한 기대를 바탕으로 학업과정에 대해 지나친 통제 혹은 과잉 간섭을 보일 때, 자녀와의 관계는 악화될 수 있으며 이 는 학업무기력을 예측하는 요인이 된다(Kang et al, 2008).…”