The sequence of catabolic substrate oxidation and enthalpy balance of developing embryos and yolksac larvae of turbot (Scophthalmus maximus L.)

Finn, Roderick Nigel; Fyhn, Hans Jørgen; Henderson, R. J.; Evjen, M. S.

doi:10.1016/0300-9629(96)00026-6

Cited by 71 publications

(35 citation statements)

References 75 publications

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“…Proteins proved to be the energy reserve being used when limiting food concentrations occurred, since a reduction in larval protein content was observed during the time of yolk-sac exhaustion and the initial stages of exogenous feeding (Canino et al 1991). In turbot Scophthalmus maximus embryos and yolk-sac larvae, body proteins were metabolised after exhaustion of free amino acids (Finn et al 1996).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Importance of parental effects on larval survival in Sardina pilchardus

Riveiro¹,

Guisande²,

Lloves³

et al. 2000

Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.

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A combined field and laboratory study was carried out to determine the importance of parental effects (spatial and temporal variations in spawning, egg size and biochemical composition of the egg) on larval survival in Sardina pilchardus. Egg abundance was positively correlated with the seston organic content (SOC; a combination of total protein, carbohydrate and lipid content) of the size particle fraction 20 to 1000 µm. This was interpreted as a reproductive strategy, to spawn more eggs in areas and during periods of enhanced food availability to larvae. Larval survival under starvation conditions was related to temperature, but only when just the larvae in which the yolk-sac was fully absorbed at death were considered. However, if larval survival time was estimated considering all larvae, including those which died before yolk-sac absorption, larval survival time was related to the biochemical composition of the egg. Larval survival time increased as the percentage of protein in the egg increased, indicating the importance of protein under food limiting conditions. Furthermore, percentage of larvae with yolk-sac completely absorbed at death was higher as egg protein percentage increased. Although producing eggs with a higher proportion of proteins in response to diminishing food availability could maximise larval success under starvation conditions, this parental strategy was not exhibited by S. pilchardus. There was not a significant relationship between egg protein percentage and SOC. Biochemical composition of the egg seemed to vary according to temperature of the water.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Importance of parental effects on larval survival in Sardina pilchardus

Riveiro¹,

Guisande²,

Lloves³

et al. 2000

Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.

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“…These lipids are rich in polyunsaturated fatty acids of the (n-3) series, crucial for embryonic and larval development (Henderson and Tocher 1987;Silversand et al 1996;Wiegand 1996). Oil globules are preferentially mobilized after hatching (Rønnestad et al 1992(Rønnestad et al , 1994Finn et al 1995Finn et al , 1996, and, in turbot, the separate encapsulation of the oil globule by the YSL leads to a differential resorption of the yolk mass and the oil globule (Fig. 2).…”

Section: Cloning Of the Putative Ldl Receptor-binding Domain Of Turbomentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Lipids are prominent components of fish egg yolk and are present in yolk globules, primarily as polar lipids, and in numerous species in oil globules, primarily as neutral lipids (Henderson and Tocher 1987;Heming and Buddington 1988;Wiegand 1996). In turbot (Scophthalmus maximus), a marine fish species whose eggs contain a single, large oil globule, resorption of the oil globule occurs predominantly after hatching and mainly after yolk resorption (Rønnestad et al 1992;Finn et al 1996). Using such a useful experimental model, we have examined the yolk cell structure and ultrastructure in relation to the oil globule resorption and found that turbot apoE is highly expressed in the YSL at sites of massive lipoprotein synthesis and secretion.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Apolipoprotein E gene expression correlates with endogenous lipid nutrition and yolk syncytial layer lipoprotein synthesis during fish development

Poupard

André

Durliat

et al. 2000

Cell and Tissue Research

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During embryogenesis of teleost fish, the formation of a yolk syncytial layer (YSL) enables the resorption of the yolk reserves and development up to the larval stage. We have examined the changes of the yolk cell structure in relation to yolk and oil-globule lipid utilization during development of the turbot (Scophthalmus maximus). After encapsulation by the YSL, resorption of the single, large oil globule occurred predominantly after yolk resorption and was slower in fasting larvae. The YSL was in contact with an enlarged perisyncytial space, but no vascular network or red blood cells were present within the walls of the yolk sac. Intrasyncytial channels infiltrated by pigmented lining cells were observed in the YSL surrounding the oil globule. Apolipoprotein E (apoE) has a prominent role in lipid metabolism because of its ability to interact with lipoprotein receptors. We performed molecular cloning of the putative low-density lipoprotein-receptor binding domain of turbot apoE. In situ hybridization analysis revealed a very high level of apoE transcripts in the YSL, while no expression could be detected in the intestine. YSL apoE expression was correlated with the synthesis of very low density lipoprotein (VLDL) particles. An extraordinarily high number of VLDL particles were poured into the perisyncytial space, and intrasyncytial channels enabled the transfer of yolk- and oil globule-derived lipids to the developing embryo or larva. The pattern of apoE mRNA distribution in relation to YSL lipoprotein synthesis indicates that apoE expression is a suitable molecular marker for monitoring endogenous lipid nutrition during the endoexotrophic period of teleost fish development.

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“…Free amino acids (FAA) are produced by hydrolysis of yolk protein (Thorsen et al, 1996) and act as osmotic regulators and energy substrates for development as well as building-blocks for protein synthesis (Rønnestad and Fyhn, 1993;Finn, 1994;Finn et al, 1996). The FAA pool is consumed progressively after fertilization in most fi sh, and the precise sequence of use varies depending on the species (Finn et al, 1996;Conceição et al, 1997Conceição et al, , 1998Tulli and Tibaldi, 1997;Weltzien et al, 1999;Krautz et al, 2010;Dayal et al, 2003;Skjaerven et al, 2003). The protein amino acid (PAA) profi le also follows species-specifi c changes during larval development (Aragão et al, 2000).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Ontogenetic changes in digestive enzyme activities and the amino acid profile of starry flounder Platichthys stellatus

Song

Wang

Qiao

et al. 2016

Chin. J. Ocean. Limnol.

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Ontogenetic changes in digestive enzyme activities and the amino acid (AA) profi le of starry fl ounder, Platichthys stellatus , were investigated and limiting amino acids were estimated compared with the essential AA profi le between larvae and live food to clarify starry fl ounder larval nutritional requirements. Larvae were collected at the egg stage and 0, 2, 4, 7, 12, 17, 24 days after hatching (DAH) for analysis. Larvae grew from 1.91 mm at hatching to 12.13 mm at 24 DAH. Trypsin and chymotrypsin activities changed slightly by 4 DAH and then increased signifi cantly 4 DAH. Pepsin activity increased sharply beginning 17 DAH. Lipase activity increased signifi cantly 4 DAH and increased progressively with larval growth. Amylase activity was also detected in newly hatched larvae and increased 7 DAH followed by a gradual decrease. High free amino acid (FAA) content was detected in starry fl ounder eggs (110.72 mg/g dry weight). Total FAA content dropped to 43.29 mg/g in 4-DAH larvae and then decreased gradually to 13.74 mg/g in 24-DAH larvae. Most FAAs (except lysine and methionine) decreased >50% in 4-DAH larvae compared with those in eggs and then decreased to the lowest values in 24-DAH larvae. Changes in the protein amino acid (PAA) profi le were much milder than those observed for FAAs. Most PAAs increased gradually during larval development, except lysine and phenylalanine. The percentages of free threonine, valine, isoleucine, and leucine decreased until the end of the trial, whereas the protein forms of these four AAs followed the opposite trend. A comparison of the essential AA composition of live food (rotifers, Artemia nauplii, and Artemia metanauplii) and larvae suggested that methionine was potentially the fi rst limiting AA. These results may help develop starry fl ounder larviculture methods by solving the AA imbalance in live food. Moreover, the increased digestive enzyme activities indicate the possibility of introducing artifi cial compound feed.

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The sequence of catabolic substrate oxidation and enthalpy balance of developing embryos and yolksac larvae of turbot (Scophthalmus maximus L.)

Cited by 71 publications

References 75 publications

Importance of parental effects on larval survival in Sardina pilchardus

Importance of parental effects on larval survival in Sardina pilchardus

Apolipoprotein E gene expression correlates with endogenous lipid nutrition and yolk syncytial layer lipoprotein synthesis during fish development

Ontogenetic changes in digestive enzyme activities and the amino acid profile of starry flounder Platichthys stellatus

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