The separation of sheep and human serum “A”-esterase activity into the lipoprotein fraction by ultracentrifugation

Mackness, Michael I.; Hallam, S.D.; Peard, T.; Warner, Steven A.; Walker, C.H.

doi:10.1016/0305-0491(85)90506-1

Cited by 58 publications

(38 citation statements)

References 9 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…The genes encoding the PON family (PON 1, PON 2 and PON 3) are all located on the long arm of chromosome-7. [18], [19], [20] PON 1 and PON 3 are expressed in the liver and after being excreted in the blood, they bind to high-density lipoproteins (HDL); PON 2 is expressed widely in a number of tissues but is not present in the blood. PON 1 play important role in the metabolism of toxic oxidized lipids of both LDL and HDL particles.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Serum paraoxonase-1 activity as a novel marker in the diagnosis and prognosis of hyperthyroidism

Kale

2013

International Journal of Biological Research

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Thyrotoxicosis or hyperthyroidism is the clinical syndrome caused by an excess of circulating free thyroxine and free triiodothyronine, or both. It was first diagnosed in 1979 in the US. Since this time, the frequency of this diagnosis has increased. It is common, affecting about 2% of women and 0.2% of men. The most common causes of Thyrotoxicosis are Graves' disease and formation of multinodular goiter and autonomously functioning solitary thyroid nodule. In excessive production of thyroid hormones, the basal metabolic rate can be increased by 100%. Hyperthyroidism also induces a hyperdynamic cardiovascular state that is associated with tachycardia, systolic hypertension, atrial fibrillation and increased cardiovascular mortality. The present study was designed to investigate the relationship among the serum PON 1 activity, lipid profile, and thyroid hormone level in patients with hyperthyroidism. In our research, we have estimated PON 1 activity in hyperthyroidism. We found the PON 1 activity decreased in the hyperthyroid patients (144.89 ± 3.27 U/ml) as compared to controls (214.71 ± 5.46 U/ml) significantly (p < 0.05). The thyroid hormones T 3 and T 4 also significantly increase (p < 0.001) in hyperthyroidism. In case of lipid profile triacylglycerol, HDL cholesterol, LDL cholesterol as well as VLDL cholesterol was also found significantly decreased (p < 0.05) in hyperthyroidism. In our study, we found a decrease in triacylglycerol, HDL cholesterol, LDL cholesterol as well as VLDL cholesterol. However, the decrease in HDL, LDL and VLDL cholesterol may also be associated with other disorders. Further, the blood quantity required for lipid profile is large (5 ml) and patients have to be fast for at least 14 hours. Similarly, estimation of lipid profile is time consuming method and hence it is not preferable as a marker. The increase in thyroid hormones T3 and T4 significantly correlates with hyperthyroidism. However, estimation of thyroid hormone also required large (5 ml) quantity of blood sample. Similarly, the sample required should be always fresh. The estimation is carried generally by enzyme linked immune sorbent assay (ELISA) which is time consuming and costly method. But, on the other hand quantity of blood sample required for estimation of PON 1 activity is very less (1 ml). The estimation of PON 1 activity is easy and the method is chief. The most important thing is that PON 1 activity is decreased only in few disorders. Further, it correlates well with severity of hyperthyroidism. Thus, PON 1 activity is a novel marker in the diagnosis and prognosis of hyperthyroidism.

show abstract

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Serum paraoxonase-1 activity as a novel marker in the diagnosis and prognosis of hyperthyroidism

Kale

2013

International Journal of Biological Research

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…PON1, which has both esterase (42) and lactonase activities (43,44), associates exclusively with HDL in humans (45). Importantly, hypercholesterolemic mice that are deficient in this enzyme have markedly enhanced atherosclerosis (46).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Targeted Proteomics Identifies Paraoxonase/Arylesterase 1 (PON1) and Apolipoprotein Cs as Potential Risk Factors for Hypoalphalipoproteinemia in Diabetic Subjects Treated with Fenofibrate and Rosiglitazone

Ronsein

Reyes‐Soffer

et al. 2016

Molecular & Cellular Proteomics

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Low levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C)and high triglyceride levels contribute to the excess rate of cardiovascular events seen in subjects with type 2 diabetes. Fenofibrate treatment partially reverses dyslipidemia in these subjects. However, a paradoxical marked reduction in HDL-C and HDL's major protein, apolipoprotein A-I, is a complication of fenofibrate in combination with rosiglitazone, an insulin-sensitizing agent. Risk factors for this condition, termed hypoalphalipoproteinemia, have yet to be identified. Using a case-control study design with subjects enrolled in the Action to Control Cardiovascular Risk in Diabetes (ACCORD) trial, we tested the hypothesis that alterations in HDL's protein cargo predispose diabetic subjects to fenofibrate/rosiglitazoneinduced hypoalphalipoproteinemia. HDL was isolated from blood obtained from controls (no decreases or increase in HDL-C while receiving fenofibrate/rosiglitazone therapy) and cases (developed hypoalphalipoproteinemia after fenofibrate/rosiglitazone treatment) participating in the ACCORD study before they began fenofibrate/rosiglitazone treatment. HDL proteins were quantified by targeted parallel reaction monitoring (PRM) and selected reaction monitoring (SRM) with isotope dilution. This approach demonstrated marked increases in the relative concentrations of paraoxonase/arylesterase 1 (PON1), apolipoprotein C-II (APOC2), apolipoprotein C-I, and apolipoprotein H in the HDL of subjects who developed hypoalphalipoproteinemia. The case and control subjects did not differ significantly in baseline HDL-C levels or other traditional lipid risk factors. We used orthogonal biochemical techniques to confirm increased levels of PON1 and APOC2. Our observations suggest that an imbalance in HDL proteins predisposes diabetic subjects to develop hypoalphalipoproteinemia on fenofibrate/rosiglitazone therapy. Molecular & Cellular

show abstract

“…At present it is well documented that native PON1 performs the lactonase activity and that the enzyme is present in almost all human organs (the liver, heart, lungs, kidneys and small intestine), but it is produced mainly in the liver and secreted into the blood [36,48]. Early studies have indicated that both human and animal PON1 is closely associated with the HDL-C fraction, and this interaction is stabilised by the apolipoprotein A-I [9,39,47]. PON1 is essential for the antioxidative HDL-C protection of LDL-C [92].…”

Section: Paraoxonase 1 Myeloperoxidase and Hdl-cmentioning

confidence: 99%

The contribution of paraoxonase 1 and myeloperoxidase to HDL-cholesterol functionality

Malara

Kęska

Lutosławska

2016

Biomedical Human Kinetics

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

SummaryThe purpose of this study was to analyse the scientific evidence concerning the effects of two enzymes -paraoxonase 1 and myeloperoxidase -on the functions of HDL-cholesterol. It is well documented that disturbed circulating lipoproteins (a high total and high LDL-cholesterol, and low HDL-cholesterol) bring about atherosclerosis and an increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) which is recognised as the main cause of death all around the world. In consequence, numerous studies have focused on procedures which will improve the plasma lipoproteins profile by decreasing the total cholesterol and the LDL-cholesterol (LDL-C) and increasing the HDL-cholesterol (HDL-C). However, the anti-atherogenic role of HDL-C has been challenged in studies showing that genetically elevated HDL-cholesterol does not offer protection against CVD. Moreover, it has been found that raising the circulating HDL-cholesterol fails to reduce atherosclerosis. The doubts concerning the protective role of HDL-C have been supported by in vitro studies which indicate that the HDL-C from patients with atherosclerosis does not have a protective action, but does stimulate inflammation and free radical synthesis. The above data suggests that HDL-C, commonly recognised as protective against atherosclerosis, in some circumstances becomes pro-atherogenic, and is thus dysfunctional. Our review focuses on two enzymes -paraoxonase 1 (PON1) and myeloperoxidase (MPO) -which markedly affect the properties of HDL-C and contribute to its anti -or pro-atherogenic activity. Moreover, the effects of the diet and physical activity on PON1 and MPO are summarised with respect to the HDL-C functionality.

show abstract

The separation of sheep and human serum “A”-esterase activity into the lipoprotein fraction by ultracentrifugation

Cited by 58 publications

References 9 publications

Serum paraoxonase-1 activity as a novel marker in the diagnosis and prognosis of hyperthyroidism

Serum paraoxonase-1 activity as a novel marker in the diagnosis and prognosis of hyperthyroidism

Targeted Proteomics Identifies Paraoxonase/Arylesterase 1 (PON1) and Apolipoprotein Cs as Potential Risk Factors for Hypoalphalipoproteinemia in Diabetic Subjects Treated with Fenofibrate and Rosiglitazone

The contribution of paraoxonase 1 and myeloperoxidase to HDL-cholesterol functionality

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About