THE SENSORY NERVOUS SYSTEM OF THE ADULT CATTLE TICK <i>BOOPHILUS MICROPLUS</i> (CANESTRINI) IXODIDAE. PART III. ULTRA‐STRUCTURE AND ELECTROPHYSIOLOGY OF CHELICERAL RECEPTORS

Waladde, S. M.; Rice, M. J.

doi:10.1111/j.1440-6055.1977.tb00137.x

Cited by 25 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 38 publications

(35 reference statements)

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“…The localization and morphology of most of the sensory receptors involved in feeding behaviour and the ultrastructures of tick neurons has been studied, but not at the transcriptome level [11,12,61]. The difference in the gene expression patterns between B. taurus and B. indicus frustrated larvae compared to unfed larvae could be a result of differences in host specific stimuli during the larval attachment phase on these breeds.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative microarray analysis of Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus expression profiles of larvae pre-attachment and feeding adult female stages on Bos indicus and Bos taurus cattle

et al. 2010

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BackgroundRhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus is an obligate blood feeder which is host specific to cattle. Existing knowledge pertaining to the host or host breed effects on tick transcript expression profiles during the tick - host interaction is poor.ResultsGlobal analysis of gene expression changes in whole R. microplus ticks during larval, pre-attachment and early adult stages feeding on Bos indicus and Bos taurus cattle were compared using gene expression microarray analysis. Among the 13,601 R. microplus transcripts from BmiGI Version 2 we identified 297 high and 17 low expressed transcripts that were significantly differentially expressed between R. microplus feeding on tick resistant cattle [Bos indicus (Brahman)] compared to R. microplus feeding on tick susceptible cattle [Bos taurus (Holstein-Friesian)] (p ≤ 0.001). These include genes encoding enzymes involved in primary metabolism, and genes related to stress, defence, cell wall modification, cellular signaling, receptor, and cuticle formation. Microarrays were validated by qRT-PCR analysis of selected transcripts using three housekeeping genes as normalization controls.ConclusionThe analysis of all tick stages under survey suggested a coordinated regulation of defence proteins, proteases and protease inhibitors to achieve successful attachment and survival of R. microplus on different host breeds, particularly Bos indicus cattle. R. microplus ticks demonstrate different transcript expression patterns when they encounter tick resistant and susceptible breeds of cattle. In this study we provide the first transcriptome evidence demonstrating the influence of tick resistant and susceptible cattle breeds on transcript expression patterns and the molecular physiology of ticks during host attachment and feeding.The microarray data used in this analysis have been submitted to NCBI GEO database under accession number GSE20605 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/geo/query/acc.cgi?acc=GSE20605.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative microarray analysis of Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus expression profiles of larvae pre-attachment and feeding adult female stages on Bos indicus and Bos taurus cattle

et al. 2010

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“…Waladde and Rice (1977) suggested that the resistant animals might present substances on the skin or in the serum, that when perceived by gustatory sensilla may inhibit the conclusion of the blood meal by the tick, been related as much in the selection of the host, as in the manifestation of the host resistance. Aside from this supposition, we are aware of no other reports confirming this idea.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Rhipicephalus evertsi evertsi and Rhipicephalus appendiculatus, two species of ticks that parasitize bovines, are capable of differentiating preferential sites of attachment on the same host, through chemical substances (Wanzala et al 2004). Waladde and Rice (1977) suggested that the resistant animals present substances on the skin or in the serum, that when perceived by gustatory sensilla, inhibit the conclusion of a blood meal by the tick, in this way contributing to the selection of the host, and thus in the manifestation of resistance.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

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Differences in the behavior of Rhipicephalus sanguineus tested against resistant and susceptible dogs

et al. 2010

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To ascertain whether brown dog tick Rhipicephalus sp. infests resistant (beagle) and susceptible (English cocker spaniel) dogs differently, five animals of each breed were maintained in a kennel whose walls were infested with 7,000 larvae, 320 nymphs, 80 males and 80 females, in 3 infestations, at 10-day intervals. Five times more ticks were found on cocker spaniels (498) than on beagles (96). Substances were collected by rubbing pieces of clean flannel on the dogs for 15 min and these were tested for arrestment and attractiveness of ticks. Three choices were offered: cocker extract vs. control; beagle extract vs. control, and cocker extract vs. beagle extract. When allowed to choose between substances rubbed from dogs and a control, more ticks were arrested by extracts from the cockers than from beagles. In the arrestment tests with only a choice between substances from dogs of each breed, more ticks were arrested by cocker substances. To test for attraction, capsules containing adsorbent were used and the tests were carried out in a Y-olfactometer. Fifteen males and 15 females were tested, for each treatment. In the olfactometer, the ticks were not attracted to the odor of either breed, however the odor of the Beagle was apparently repellent. These results indicate that R. sanguineus can use substances from the dogs to differentiate susceptible English Cocker Spaniels from resistant Beagles.

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“…Taste receptors are present in the distal segment of the palps and chelicerae, and the tip of tarsus I on the legs. These taste receptors detect non-volatile compounds (WALADDE & RICE, 1977;WALADDE, 1982;WALADDE & RICE, 1982;TAYLOR et al, 1991;GRENACHER et al, 2001;SOARES et al, 2013;FERREIRA et al, 2015). Ticks integrate the sensory information received by olfactory and taste receptors and transmit these to the synganglion, which is the tick's central nervous system.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neuronal projections from the Haller's organ and palp sensilla to the synganglion of Amblyomma americanum§

Borges

Olafson

et al. 2016

Rev. Bras. Parasitol. Vet.

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The present study was conducted to elucidate the neuronal pathways between peripheral olfactory and taste sensilla and the synganglion in an Ixodidae tick species. The tarsus of the front legs (olfactory nerves) and the fourth palpal segment (gustatory nerves) of unfed Amblyomma americanum males and females were excised. A neuronal tracer, dextran tetramethylrhodamine, was used for filling of the sensory neurons. The synganglion preparations were examined using a confocal microscope. Neuronal arborizations from the Haller's organ were confined to the olfactory lobes and the first pedal ganglion. The estimated number of olfactory glomeruli ranged from 16 to 22 per olfactory lobe in the females. The number of glomeruli was not counted in males because they were densely packed. Sensory neurons associated with sensilla at the distal end of the palpal organ projected into the palpal ganglion in the synganglion through the palpal nerve. Gustatory sensory neurons associated with palpal sensilla projected into a commissure with several bulges, which are confined in the palpal ganglion. The findings of distinct projection patterns of sensory neurons associated with the Haller's organ and palpal organ in the lone star tick from this study advanced our knowledge on mechanisms of sensory information processing in ticks.Keywords: Chemical sensilla, neuronal projection, synganglion, Amblyomma americanum. ResumoO presente estudo foi conduzido para elucidar a trajetória neuronal, entre as sensilas periféricas olfativas e gustativas e o singânglio, em uma espécie de carrapato Ixodidae. O tarso da primeira pata (nervos olfativos) e o quarto segmento palpal (nervos gustativos) de machos e fêmeas não alimentados de Amblyomma americanum foram excisados. Um traçador neuronal, dextran tetrametilrodamina, foi usado para preenchimento dos neurônios sensoriais. Os singânglios foram examinados através de microscopia confocal. Arborizações neuronais do órgão de Haller foram confinadas nos lobos olfativos e primeiro gânglio pedal. O número estimado de glomérulos olfativos variou de 16 a 22 por lobo olfativo nas fêmeas. Em machos, o número de glomérulos não foi contado, pois eles estavam densamente compactados. Os neurônios sensoriais associados com as sensilas, na porção distal do órgão palpal, projetaram-se no no gânglio palpal do singânglio § This article reports the results of research only. Mention of a proprietary product does not constitute an endorsement or a recommendation by the USDA for its use. The USDA is an equal opportunity provider and employer. † Authors contributed equally.

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THE SENSORY NERVOUS SYSTEM OF THE ADULT CATTLE TICK BOOPHILUS MICROPLUS (CANESTRINI) IXODIDAE. PART III. ULTRA‐STRUCTURE AND ELECTROPHYSIOLOGY OF CHELICERAL RECEPTORS

Cited by 25 publications

References 38 publications

Comparative microarray analysis of Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus expression profiles of larvae pre-attachment and feeding adult female stages on Bos indicus and Bos taurus cattle

Comparative microarray analysis of Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus expression profiles of larvae pre-attachment and feeding adult female stages on Bos indicus and Bos taurus cattle

Differences in the behavior of Rhipicephalus sanguineus tested against resistant and susceptible dogs

Neuronal projections from the Haller's organ and palp sensilla to the synganglion of Amblyomma americanum§

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