The Sensitivity of Children to Electromagnetic Fields

Kheifets, Leeka; Repacholi, Michael H.; Saunders, R. S.; Deventer, Emilie van

doi:10.1542/peds.2004-2541

Cited by 253 publications

(135 citation statements)

References 52 publications

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“…Our results reveal that the exposure levels induced by operating wireless networks in Kosovo for all age groups are in close agreement with those reported on [25], the former reporting typical power densities outdoors in the range 0.01 to 1 mW/m 2 . Reported power density levels could be orders of magnitude higher (≥ 100 mW/m 2 ) depending on where the measurements are taken.…”

Section: Comparison With Similar Measurement Campaignssupporting

confidence: 90%

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The Age-Dependence of Personal Exposure to Electromagnetic Fields of Wireless Communications in Indoor Environments

Hamiti¹,

Ibrani

Ahma³

et al. 2016

PIER M

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Abstract-The ever-growing usage of new information and communication technology devices by different age groups is followed with public concerns of exposure induced biological effects. The aim of this paper is to assess and compare personal exposure levels to electromagnetic fields of wireless communications for different age groups, including children, under the same exposure conditions. Assessment of personal exposure of the following age groups: 08-15, 16-20, 21-35 and 36-60 years old is conducted with sophisticated tri-axial E-field frequency selective personal exposure meters, enabling measurements of electric field strength in 14 pre-defined frequency bands in the range of 80 MHz-6 GHz. Participants are selected to be with similar social conditions and occupation, including children, students and administrative employees. The measurements were conducted in typical residential environments collecting 161 280 measurement samples. The mean value of power density of different wireless technologies is presented for each age-group, including the contribute of specific wireless technology to the total personal exposure. The highest personal exposure values per frequency band for all age groups are in GSM and Wi-Fi 2G. The results show a difference in mean power density levels between different age groups for the same exposure environment. Ultimately, all measured values were far below international safety guidelines and exposure limits.

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Section: Comparison With Similar Measurement Campaignssupporting

confidence: 90%

“…We have compared results obtained from our measurement campaign with those reported by similar studies [23,25,26].…”

Section: Comparison With Similar Measurement Campaignsmentioning

confidence: 90%

The Age-Dependence of Personal Exposure to Electromagnetic Fields of Wireless Communications in Indoor Environments

Hamiti¹,

Ibrani

Ahma³

et al. 2016

PIER M

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“…Such biological effects may be more significant for children, because it has been argued that different head shapes and thinner skulls may make them more susceptible to RF energy [Kheifets et al, 2005;Wiart et al, 2005;Conil et al, 2008]. RF exposure from a mobile phone handset has been associated with slightly shorter reaction times in children [Preece et al, 2005].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mobile telephone use is associated with changes in cognitive function in young adolescents

Abramson

Benke

Dimitriadis

et al. 2009

Bioelectromagnetics

122

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As part of the Mobile Radiofrequency Phone Exposed Users' Study (MoRPhEUS), a cross-sectional epidemiological study examined cognitive function in secondary school students. We recruited 317, 7th grade students (144 boys, 173 girls, median age 13 years) from 20 schools around Melbourne, Australia. Participants completed an exposure questionnaire based on the Interphone study, a computerised cognitive test battery, and the Stroop colour-word test. The principal exposure metric was the total number of reported mobile phone voice calls per week. Linear regression models were fitted to cognitive test response times and accuracies. Age, gender, ethnicity, socio-economic status and handedness were fitted as covariates and standard errors were adjusted for clustering by school. The accuracy of working memory was poorer, reaction time for a simple learning task shorter, associative learning response time shorter and accuracy poorer in children reporting more mobile phone voice calls. There were no significant relationships between exposure and signal detection, movement monitoring or estimation. The completion time for Stroop word naming tasks was longer for those reporting more mobile phone voice calls. The findings were similar for total short message service (SMS, also known as text) messages per week, suggesting these cognitive changes were unlikely due to radiofrequency (RF) exposure. Overall, mobile phone use was associated with faster and less accurate responding to higher level cognitive tasks. These behaviours may have been learned through frequent use of a mobile phone.

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“…The same may be true for radiofrequency fields (RF) (9). RF exposure at high levels may lead to heating resulting in thermal effects specifically on the neurological development of the fetus and continued neurological growth of the newborn child.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%