The sensitivity and specificity of various tuberculin tests using bovine PPD and other tuberculins

Francis, John; Seiler, R. J.; Wilkie, Ian; O’Boyle, Donald R.; Lumsden, M J; Frost, A.J.

doi:10.1136/vr.103.19.420

Cited by 103 publications

(91 citation statements)

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“…6,8 The sensitivity of the various tuberculin tests ranges between 68.6% and 91.2% and the specificity between 75.5% and 98.8%. 6 These values suggest that the efficacy of any intradermal tuberculin test in control and/or eradication programs is limited. Direct diagnostic methods based on detection of the agent have been used to confirm TB in tissues collected at postmortem examinations.…”

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confidence: 99%

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A One-Tube Nested Polymerase Chain Reaction for the Detection of Mycobacterium Bovis in Spiked Milk Samples: An Evaluation of Concentration and Lytic Techniques

et al. 2001

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Abstract. The objective of this study was to evaluate the use of a one-tube nested polymerase chain reaction (OTN PCR) with 5 concentration and lytic treatments for the detection of Mycobacterium bovis in experimentally inoculated milk samples (spiked samples). OTN PCR and the following treatments were tested in inoculated samples: 1) centrifugation; 2) C 18 -carboxypropylbetaine ϩ capture resin 1 ϩ Proteinase K (CB18-CH-PK); 3) centrifugation ϩ capture resin 1 ϩ Proteinase K; 4) centrifugation ϩ capture resin 2 ϩ Proteinase K; and 5) centrifugation ϩ immunomagnetic separation (IMS). The OTN PCR and the 5 treatments were evaluated in 2 different sets of spiked milk samples. One set consisted of 10-fold serial dilutions of a phenol-killed M. bovis in milk to final concentrations ranging from 5 to 50,000 cells/ml of milk. The other set of samples consisted of 2.5 serial dilutions of milk spiked with M. bovis to final concentrations ranging from 20.5 to 5,000 cells/ml of milk. Each treatment was repeated 5 times at each cell concentration. CB18-CH-PK and IMS were significantly more sensitive than other treatments. The lowest detection limit for these techniques was 20-50 cells/ ml of spiked milk. The specificity of OTN PCR in this study was high as demonstrated by the lack of DNA amplification products when M. bovis cells were not present in the samples. [The OTN PCR used in conjunction with CB18-CH-PK or IMS could be effectively used as a diagnostic and/or screening test for the detection of M. bovis in milk from herds with bovine tuberculosis.] Bovine tuberculosis (TB) is a chronic zoonotic disease caused by Mycobacterium bovis. Bovine TB generates financial losses to the livestock industry and can be trasmitted to humans. Screening and diagnosis of TB in cattle is still problematic. Since 1917, the tuberculin test has been used for bovine TB screening in live cattle in the USA. 6,8 The sensitivity of the various tuberculin tests ranges between 68.6% and 91.2% and the specificity between 75.5% and 98.8%. 6 These values suggest that the efficacy of any intradermal tuberculin test in control and/or eradication programs is limited. Direct diagnostic methods based on detection of the agent have been used to confirm TB in tissues collected at postmortem examinations. Mycobacterial isolation is highly specific but has poor sensitivity and is time consuming and labor intensive. Isolation of M. bovis via traditional culture methods may require 4-8 weeks. 17 The use of the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in samples collected by noninvasive procedures (i.e., samples of milk, colostrum, and respiratory secretions) appears to be an acceptable alternative to my-

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confidence: 99%

“…Since 1917, the tuberculin test has been used for bovine TB screening in live cattle in the USA. 6,8 The sensitivity of the various tuberculin tests ranges between 68.6% and 91.2% and the specificity between 75.5% and 98.8%. 6 These values suggest that the efficacy of any intradermal tuberculin test in control and/or eradication programs is limited.…”

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confidence: 99%

A One-Tube Nested Polymerase Chain Reaction for the Detection of Mycobacterium Bovis in Spiked Milk Samples: An Evaluation of Concentration and Lytic Techniques

et al. 2001

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“…The tuberculin used for the skin test is a purified protein derivative (PPD) prepared from culture filtrate of a laboratory strain of M. bovis (Francis et al, 1978). This test, based on the measurement of cellular immune response, can be conducted by inoculation into either the caudal fold near of the base of the tail or in the shoulder, both as a single The different susceptible animal species may act either as maintenance host (reservoir) or as nonmaintenance host (spillover) (Aranaz et al, 2004).…”

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confidence: 99%

Diagnose of Mycobacterium bovis Using Interferon-gamma (IFN- and #947;) Assay and Post Mortem in Indian cattle (Bos indicus)

Shukla¹,

Chauhan²,

Kumar³

et al. 2017

Int. J. Livest. Res.

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“…These factors include (but are not limited to) special nursing skill requirements for placement and reading, variability in operator placement and reading, cross-reactivity among mycobacterial species (including M. avium and M. bovis BCG), the need for the patient to return in 48 to 72 h for a reading, and the modulation of the skin response due to underlying illness or immunosuppression (6,28). Although the specificity of a significant positive test exceeds 95% in cattle, the sensitivity of the test in both animals and humans may be less than 75% (11,31).…”

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Cell-Mediated Immune Response to Tuberculosis Antigens: Comparison of Skin Testing and Measurement of In Vitro Gamma Interferon Production in Whole-Blood Culture

Katial

Hershey

Purohit-Seth

et al. 2001

Clin Diagn Lab Immunol

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Although delayed-type hypersensitivity skin testing with tuberculin purified protein derivative (PPD) is the standard for tuberculosis screening, its variability suggests the need for a more sensitive, noninvasive test. An in vitro whole-blood assay has been proposed as an alternative. Using health care worker volunteers, we confirmed the correlation between PPD skin test (PPD- The immune response to mycobacterial infection is predominantly cellular (5). Delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) skin testing has been a convenient, cost-effective method for assessing cell-mediated immune responses to a variety of antigens, starting with the mycobacterium-derived tuberculin purified protein derivative (PPD) over 100 years ago (28). Also known as the Mantoux test, this method has been the "gold standard" for diagnostic screening for detection of new or asymptomatic Mycobacterium tuberculosis infections. Although the test is reasonably priced, there continue to be multiple factors challenging the accuracy of the PPD skin test (PPD-ST) in different settings. These factors include (but are not limited to) special nursing skill requirements for placement and reading, variability in operator placement and reading, cross-reactivity among mycobacterial species (including M. avium and M. bovis BCG), the need for the patient to return in 48 to 72 h for a reading, and the modulation of the skin response due to underlying illness or immunosuppression (6,28). Although the specificity of a significant positive test exceeds 95% in cattle, the sensitivity of the test in both animals and humans may be less than 75% (11, 31).STThe immune response to M. tuberculosis is highly dependent upon gamma interferon (IFN-␥) production by macrophages and antigen-specific T cells (9). Over the past decade, there has been an increasing interest in the development and application of in vitro culture assays measuring IFN-␥ production in response to tuberculin antigen stimulation as diagnostic screening tests substituting for the classic PPD (19). Although it initially used peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC), the methodology evolved to a whole-blood culture technique that was first validated in Australian cattle (24, 31). The wholeblood culture technique requires less incubation time, is technically simpler, and provides a milieu closer to in vivo conditions. A standardized diagnostic kit with a specifically defined data analysis procedure, using human PPD, avian PPD, and the mitogen phytohemagglutinin (PHA), has been marketed by CDL Limited in Australia (QuantiFERON-TB or Q-IFN).The purpose of this study is twofold: first, to assess the agreement between the Q-IFN assay and the Mantoux skin test (PPD) in classically PPD positive and PPD negative healthy volunteers; second, to evaluate five separate fractional extracts derived from M. tuberculosis cultures in the same Q-IFN assay system and determine concordance with the PPD-ST results. MATERIALS AND METHODSParticipants and skin testing. Forty-eight volunteers, all hospital employees, were recrui...

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The sensitivity and specificity of various tuberculin tests using bovine PPD and other tuberculins

Cited by 103 publications

References 0 publications

A One-Tube Nested Polymerase Chain Reaction for the Detection of Mycobacterium Bovis in Spiked Milk Samples: An Evaluation of Concentration and Lytic Techniques

A One-Tube Nested Polymerase Chain Reaction for the Detection of Mycobacterium Bovis in Spiked Milk Samples: An Evaluation of Concentration and Lytic Techniques

Diagnose of Mycobacterium bovis Using Interferon-gamma (IFN- and #947;) Assay and Post Mortem in Indian cattle (Bos indicus)

Cell-Mediated Immune Response to Tuberculosis Antigens: Comparison of Skin Testing and Measurement of In Vitro Gamma Interferon Production in Whole-Blood Culture

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