The sensilla of Aedes and Anopheles mosquitoes and their importance in repellency

Amer, Abdelkrim; Mehlhorn, Heinz

doi:10.1007/s00436-006-0185-0

Cited by 87 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…From specific observation of the labellum of C. nigripes, this fly was found to be endowed with numerous basiconic-like sensilla (Fig. 2c), which are comparable to those found in the labella of other dipterans such as the mosquitoes, Aedes aegypti (Hill and Smith 1999;Amer and Mehlhorn 2006) and Anopheles stephensi (Diptera: Culicidae; Amer and Mehlhorn 2006), and the scuttle fly, Megaselia scalaris (Diptera: Phoridae; Sukontason et al 2003a). The labellum of C. nigripes was also found to contain scattered sensilla trichodea.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Fine structure of Chrysomya nigripes (Diptera: Calliphoridae), a fly species of medical importance

et al. 2007

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The fine structure of Chrysomya nigripes Aubertin, a blow fly species of medical importance, is presented using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) to contribute information on the morphology of the adult of this fly species. The surface of the dome-shaped ommatidia exhibits a microscopic granulose appearance. The palpus is equipped with small sensilla basiconica and sensilla chaetica, which provide sensory reception for detecting environmental information. At the apex of the mouthparts, the labellum is endowed with large numbers of sensilla trichodea and basiconic-like sensilla of variable length. The anterior (mesothoracic) spiracle is elliptical in shape and covered with extensively ramified setae except for a small dorsal aperture. The posterior (metathoracic) spiracle is shaped like a rounded isosceles triangle and covered by two valves of unequal size. The larger valve covers the upper approximately 2/3 of the spiracular opening, whereas the smaller valve covers the lower approximately 1/3 of the opening. Extensively ramified setae line and cover the valves over the entire spiracle. SEM analyses of the haltere knob and the prosternal organs, located adjacent to the cervical sclerites, revealed a striking resemblance of the morphological features of their sensilla. Each sensillum emanates from a cuticular ring, is approximately 12-15 mum in length, has a smooth surface, and terminates in a sharp tip. Various types of sensilla were associated with the ovipositor including sensilla trichodea, sensilla basiconica, sensilla placodea and probably sensilla styloconica. The possible function of sensilla distributed in particular regions of the fly integument is discussed.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Fine structure of Chrysomya nigripes (Diptera: Calliphoridae), a fly species of medical importance

et al. 2007

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“…Culex quinquefasciatus was sensitive to all oils and mixtures while A. aegypti was tolerant to many oils and oil mixtures when compared to Anopheles stephensi. The role of mosquito organs in their sensation to the repellent materials detected in two anthropophilic mosquitoes, A. aegypti and A. stephensi, was also studied by Amer and Mehlhorn (2006b). It could be said that the organs responsible for repellent sensation in A. stephensi were definitely different from those in A. aegypti.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effectiveness of Zanthoxylum piperitum-derived essential oil as an alternative repellent under laboratory and field applications

et al. 2006

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Recently, there were considerable efforts made to promote the use of environmentally friendly and biodegradable natural insecticides and repellents, particularly from botanical sources. In this study, Zanthoxylum piperitum-derived essential oil isolated by steam distillation was investigated and compared to the standard synthetic repellent, N,N-diethyl-3-methylbenzamide (DEET), for repellency against mosquitoes under laboratory and field conditions. The oil of Z. piperitum alone and also with 5% vanillin added repelled laboratory-reared female Aedes aegypti with the median protection times of 1.5 and 2.5 h, respectively. These repellency times were proven to be significantly lower than those of DEET-based products: 25% DEET and 25% DEET + 5% vanillin demonstrating 3.5 and 5.5 h, respectively. However, when applied under field conditions, Z. piperitum oil + 5% vanillin was found to provide better protection against a wide range of natural mosquito populations than 25% DEET + 5% vanillin. While the product of DEET was effective in reducing bites with 99.7% protection, the protective effect of Z. piperitum oil product appeared complete (100%). It had a protective effect against Aedes gardnerii, Anopheles barbirostris, Armigeres subalbatus, Culex tritaeniorhynchus, Culex gelidus, Culex vishnui group, and Mansonia uniformis. The better repellency against a wide range of field mosquitoes derived from Z. piperitum oil products suggested an advantage of efficacy by providing a broad spectrum of activity. Therefore, Z. piperitum could have potential for use in the development of combined repellents as a natural active ingredient, synergist, or additive to conventional synthetic chemicals, particularly in situations when DEET is ineffective and impractical.

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“…Detection of odours, CO 2 , warmth and chemo-attractants are the function of various receptors on the antennae of the mosquitoes [39][40][41][42][43][44][45][46][47][48]. Sensilla on the maxillary palps can also detect CO 2 and mosquito repellents [49,50]. In nature, mosquitoes also feed on plant nectar, and such feeding affects the longevity and dispersal potential of mosquitoes [51].…”

Section: Functions Of Labellar and Labial Sensilla During Feedingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fine Structure of the Sense Organs on the Labella and Labium of the Mosquito Aedes aegypti (L.)

Lee¹,

Craig²

2009

TOENTOJ

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Fine structure of the sense organs on the labella and labium of male and female mosquito Aedes aegypti is described. Labellar hair on the outside of the two labellar lobes are consisted of long mechanoreceptive hairs, medium-sized chemoreceptive hairs containing 3-5 dendrites, and short papillae which are probably olfactory receptors. Two apical hairs each containing five dendrites not reported before are found deeply embedded inside each labellum. They emerged between folds at the tip of the labellum. These and other sensory hairs on the outside of the labella are probably involved in finding a suitable place for feeding after a mosquito has landed on a host. Six anteriorly directed papillae each containing 3-5 dendrites are found on the oral surface of each labellar lobe with no evidence of mechanoreceptors associated with these papillae. These papilla are probably chemosensory and are involved in detecting the food entering the food canal when a mosquito feed on water and other liquid diet such as nectar. A chordotonal organ with two sensory cells is found inside each labellum, and this organ has not been described on mosquito mouthparts before. These chordotonal organs probably function to monitor the spreading and closing of the labellar lobes during feeding. Mosquito spread their labellar lobes when feeding on water and sugar but these lobes are firmly pressed against each other when they feed on blood. Ligular hairs are definitely not sensory because of a lack any dendrites inside these hairs. Labial hairs proximal to the labella are probably mechanoreceptors because only one nerve cell is associated with each hair with nerve terminating at the base of the hair. Based on results from behavioral and functional studies, the function of these sensilla during feeding is described.

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The sensilla of Aedes and Anopheles mosquitoes and their importance in repellency

Cited by 87 publications

References 15 publications

Fine structure of Chrysomya nigripes (Diptera: Calliphoridae), a fly species of medical importance

Fine structure of Chrysomya nigripes (Diptera: Calliphoridae), a fly species of medical importance

Effectiveness of Zanthoxylum piperitum-derived essential oil as an alternative repellent under laboratory and field applications

Fine Structure of the Sense Organs on the Labella and Labium of the Mosquito Aedes aegypti (L.)

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