The Self-Rating of the Effects of Alcohol (SRE) form as a retrospective measure of the risk for alcoholism

Schuckit, Marc A.; Smith, Tom L.; Tipp, Jayson E.

doi:10.1046/j.1360-0443.1997.9289797.x

Cited by 92 publications

(156 citation statements)

References 0 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

151

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Lower levels of response to alcohol are indicated by higher overall scores on the SRE. Consistent with previous reports, low responders were defined as those who had a total SRE score of 4.5 or higher (Schuckit et al, 1997a(Schuckit et al, , 1997bWall et al, 1999).…”

Section: Methods Proceduresmentioning

confidence: 61%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Ethnic Differences in Level of Response to Alcohol Between Chinese Americans and Korean Americans

Duranceaux

Schuckit

Luczak

et al. 2008

J. Stud. Alcohol Drugs

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Objective-Koreans have higher rates of alcohol-use disorders and family history of alcoholism, compared with Chinese. These differences likely reflect both environmental and genetic influences. One genetically influenced characteristic that may contribute to these ethnic differences is level of response to alcohol. Variant alleles of aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH2) and alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH1B) genes are prevalent in individuals of Asian heritage and have been associated with an increased level of response to alcohol and a decreased risk for alcohol dependence. Additionally, a low level of response to alcohol is more common in individuals with a first-degree family history of alcoholism and is predictive of increased risk for this disorder. It also is possible that sociocultural factors have an impact on an individual's response to alcohol. The current study examined self-report level of response to alcohol, ALDH2 and ADH1B, country of origin, and family history of alcoholism in 154 Chinese-and 181 Korean-American college students.Method-Participants were evaluated via in-person interviews and genotyped at the ALDH2 and ADH1B loci.Results-Ethnicity was significantly related to level of response to alcohol, with Koreans having a lower self-reported level of response than Chinese. This relationship remained significant after considering the effects of gender, height, weight, quantity and frequency of alcohol consumption (over the previous 90 days), ALDH2 genotype, ADH1B genotype, country of origin, and first-degree family history of alcohol dependence.

show abstract

Section: Methods Proceduresmentioning

confidence: 61%

“…Higher scores on the SRE indicate that more drinks are required to have an effect, implying a lower level of response per drink. SRE values have correlated with data from alcohol challenge studies at about 0.4 to 0.6 (Schuckit et al, 1997a(Schuckit et al, , 1997b and have correlated with the ALDH2*2 allele at 0.35 .…”

mentioning

confidence: 84%

Ethnic Differences in Level of Response to Alcohol Between Chinese Americans and Korean Americans

Duranceaux

Schuckit

Luczak

et al. 2008

J. Stud. Alcohol Drugs

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…When parent and offspring disagreed, the worst-case scenario (e.g., higher number of alcohol problems) was used in the analyses. Those offspring who at T25 reported drinking on their own on multiple occasions were asked to fi ll out the SRE regarding the approximate fi rst fi ve times of drinking (Schuckit et al, 1997a(Schuckit et al, , b, 2007. At T25, subjects reported the number of standard drinks (~10 g of ethanol) required to fi rst feel the effects of alcohol, the drinks needed to produce slurring of speech, the alcohol required to feel unsteady or uncoordinated, and the amount of alcohol ingested before unwanted falling asleep (passing out), taking care to report only the drinks required for actual effects experienced.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison Across Two Generations of Prospective Models of How the Low Level of Response to Alcohol Affects Alcohol Outcomes

Schuckit¹,

Smith²,

Kalmijn³

et al. 2012

J. Stud. Alcohol Drugs

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

ABSTRACT. Objective: This article presents the fi rst direct comparison of level of response (LR)-based prospective models in two generations of the same families. To accomplish this, we describe results from the fi rst prospective evaluation of potential mediators of how an earlier low LR to alcohol relates to adverse alcohol outcomes in offspring from the San Diego Prospective Study (SDPS). Method: To compare with data from probands in the SDPS, new data were gathered from 86 drinking offspring (age ~20 years) during the 25-year follow-up of these families. Consistent with the usual effect of a low LR, outcomes 5 years later for both generations focused on drinking quantities as well as alcohol problems during the follow-up. A structural equation model (SEM) was used to analyze the relationships among variables, and the models in proband and offspring generations were compared using direct observations of the model results and through invariance procedures. Results: In these drinking offspring, LR correlated with 5-year outcomes (r = .48, p < .001) and the SEM R 2 was .48, with good fi t statistics. As predicted, the LR relationship to alcohol-related outcomes was both direct and partially mediated by heavier peer drinking, positive alcohol expectancies, and using alcohol to cope with stress. These results were similar to a previously published prospective model in SDPS probands, although path coeffi cients were generally higher in the younger group. Conclusions: The LR-based model of heavier drinking operated similarly across generations, with some modest differences. These results indicate that the model may be meaningful in both younger and middle-age groups. (J. Stud. Alcohol Drugs, 73, 195-204, 2012)

show abstract

“…First, a recent study of almost 300 Swiss men and women at an average age of 43 years reported a relative risk of alcohol dependence that was 4.4 times higher among subjects whose FIRST 5 SRE scores fell into the lowest third compared with those whose scores were in the upper third (Daeppen et al, 2000). Second, a follow-up of almost 100 young adult subjects in the United States demonstrated a correlation of approximately 0.4 for various measures on the SRE and the diagnosis of alcohol dependence, with correlations as high as 0.6 in a more heterogeneous sample of more than 500 men and women from a wide range of ages (Schuckit et al, 1997a). Finally, SRE scores also correlated with alcohol metabolizing enzyme patterns in the predicted direction among Asian men and women, with lower LRs among individuals with the more efficient aldehyde dehydrogenase isoenzyme pattern known to be associated with a higher alcoholism risk through more intense and possibly more aversive reactions to alcohol .…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

A Genome‐Wide Search for Genes That Relate to a Low Level of Response to Alcohol

Schuckit¹,

Edenberg²,

Kalmijn³

et al. 2001

Alcoholism Clin & Exp Res

196

111

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Background:The low level of response (LR) to alcohol is genetically influenced in both humans and animals, and a low LR is a characteristic of offspring of alcoholics that has been reported to predict alcoholism 10 and 15 years later. The genes that contribute to a low LR have not yet been identified.Methods: A 12-item questionnaire that measures LR, the Self Rating of the Effects of Alcohol (SRE) instrument, was filled out by 745 individuals from the Collaborative Study on the Genetics of Alcoholism (COGA) for whom genetic material was available. These subjects were genotyped by using 336 markers with an average heterozygosity of 0.74 and an average intermarker distance of 10.5 cM. Both quantitative and qualitative nonparametric, sib-pair analyses were carried out for the SRE measure related to early drinking experiences.Results: Correlations of SRE scores across related individuals were significant and between 0.16 and 0.22 for most values, compared with nonsignificant correlations of 0.03 or less among unrelated individuals. Linkage analyses performed by using the FIRST 5 variables (first five times alcohol is consumed) identified four chromosomal regions with lod scores Ն2.0 whose maximum was also near a marker. One of these chromosomal regions previously was linked to alcohol dependence in the COGA sample.Conclusions: These data document the familial nature of a low LR to alcohol as measured by the SRE and suggest several chromosomal regions that might contribute to the phenomenon.

show abstract

The Self-Rating of the Effects of Alcohol (SRE) form as a retrospective measure of the risk for alcoholism

Abstract: When alcohol challenges are not possible, these retrospective reports indicate that the SRE is a potentially useful surrogate for determining a subgroup of people who might carry a low level of response to alcohol and a subsequent elevated risk for alcoholism.

Cited by 92 publications

References 0 publications

Ethnic Differences in Level of Response to Alcohol Between Chinese Americans and Korean Americans

Ethnic Differences in Level of Response to Alcohol Between Chinese Americans and Korean Americans

Comparison Across Two Generations of Prospective Models of How the Low Level of Response to Alcohol Affects Alcohol Outcomes

A Genome‐Wide Search for Genes That Relate to a Low Level of Response to Alcohol

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About