The selective oxidation of toluenes to benzaldehydes by cerium(III), hydrogen peroxide and bromide ion

Polyethylene Glycols as Efficient Media for Decarboxylative Nitration of α,β-Unsaturated Aromatic Carboxylic Acids by Ceric Ammonium Nitrate in Acetonitrile Medium: A Kinetic and Mechanistic Study

“…Being good Michael acceptors, , -unsaturated nitroalkenes are widely applied in organic synthesis [12]. Among various methods reported for their preparation, a method involving the use of CAN provides a practical way to the synthesis of , -unsaturated "nitroalkenes" in goodto-excellent yields [13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23]. Recently polyethylene glycols (PEGs) have been used as catalysts and catalyst supports and also have been found to be an inexpensive, nontoxic, and environmentally friendly reaction medium, which avoid the use of acid or base catalysts.…”

Study of Kinetics on Liquid-Phase Catalytic Oxidation of Toluene

“…The liquid-phase oxidation of toluene can be retrieved to the 1960's and Rhone-Poulenc Company in France 1 obtained phenyl methanol, benzaldehyde and benzene carboxylic acid by liquid-phase air oxidation of toluene. Many scholars [2][3][4][5][6][7] argue now that the homogeneous catalytic oxidation of toluene abides by the mechanism of free radical reaction. Firstly, toluene is transformed into peroxide and then decomposed into free radicals under the functions of the catalyst, in the meantime, metal ions can realize the oxido-reduction cycle and function in transporting electrons and accomplish electron transfer 8,9 .…”

Aerobic oxidation of 4-tert-butyltoluene over cobalt and manganese supported hexagonal mesoporous silicas as heterogeneous catalysts

“…In particular, the selective oxidation of 4-t-butyltoluene to 4-t-butylbenzaldehyde is of high interest since the aldehyde is a valued intermediate for the production of fragrances, medicines, agricultural pesticides and especially, 4-tert-butyl-methyldihydrocinnamaldehyde for use in the cosmetics industry [1][2][3][4][5]. The industrial production of 4-tert-butylbenzaldehyde is carried out mainly by oxidation 4-tert-butyltoluene over MnO 2 and H 2 SO 4 catalysts [6].…”

“…It has been reported that the H 2 O 2 oxidation of 4-t-butyltoluene at 45 • C to the corresponding aldehyde gave a selectivity of 80% at 25-30% conversion over homogeneous Co(OAc) 2 /NaBr catalyst system [11]. The expensive cerium (IV) acetate in the presence of bromide has been reported to catalyze the H 2 O 2 oxidation of 4-t-butyltoluene with 59% selectivity at 41% conversion [4]. The photolytic H 2 O 2 /HBr route afforded higher conversion of 4-tert-butyltoluene and more by-products [5].…”