The selective impact of question form and input mode on the symbolic distance effect in children

McGonigle, Brendan; Chalmers, Margaret

doi:10.1016/0022-0965(84)90075-4

Cited by 24 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…We interpret these effects of instruction in the monkey data therefore, as strong evidence of asymmetrical, and unidirectional processing of the size dimension, similar to those we have obtained with children as old as nine years in memory experiments when asked comparative size questions about real world objects (McGonigle and Chalmers, 1984). Nevertheless, the implementation by the monkey of the 'smaller than' instruction was accurate and consistent.…”

Section: Conclusion: 'Lexical' Markingsupporting

confidence: 86%

“…heavy) reference point or one close to it, the faster the decision. This would conform to Heidenhemer's model for the use of antonymic terms early in development, and to one we have devised for quite independent studies of children's mental comparisons (McGonigle & Chalmers, 1984). In the present context, such a model was give a formal warrant in a production systems model devised by Harris and McGonigle (1994) and informed by our squirrel monkey data.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 61%

“…As Figure 3 indicates, all monkeys show a significant inverse linear relationship between ordinal separation for all but the last item. Apart from the dramatic upturn on the last pairing (based on the two end items A and E which children also show (McGonigle & Chalmers, 1984), monkeys show profiles even at the level of the individual which are similar to those found with human subjects in memory experiments (Moyer, 1973).…”

Section: Rt Assaysupporting

confidence: 68%

“…bigger) versus the marked term (e.g. smaller) in young children, a natural syntax of rule acquisition is suggested as Heidenheimer () has argued, where children who first understand, big(ness), next derive an intermediate stage of understanding 'not-big', before acquiring an understanding of the inverse (smaller than), an interpretation endorsed following experiments on mental comparisons using linguistic instructions by McGonigle and Chalmers (McGonigle & Chalmers, 1984).…”

Section: Paradigmatic Change In Transposition Research: Eliminating Tmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

The Growth of Cognitive Structure in Monkeys and Men

McGonigle¹,

Chalmers²

2002

Animal Cognition and Sequential Behavior

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Section: Conclusion: 'Lexical' Markingsupporting

confidence: 86%

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 61%

Section: Rt Assaysupporting

confidence: 68%

Section: Paradigmatic Change In Transposition Research: Eliminating Tmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

The Growth of Cognitive Structure in Monkeys and Men

McGonigle¹,

Chalmers²

2002

Animal Cognition and Sequential Behavior

Self Cite

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“…Symbolic distance effects have been found when participants compared the sizes of familiar objects from memory (Dean, Dewhurst, Morris, & Whittaker, 2005;Marschark, 1983;McGonigle & Chalmers, 1984;Paivio, 1975) or the relative distance between body parts (Smeets et al, 2009;Struiksma et al, 2011) and these findings have been interpreted as evidence for the involvement of analog representations in visual imagery, by showing that the same principles that apply to visual processing apply to visual imagery. On the other hand, studies using the image scanning paradigm have shown that the mental scanning time across a visual image of a spatial configuration increases with increased distance between two points in the configuration (Borst, Kosslyn, & Denis, 2006;Iachini & Giusberti, 1996;Kosslyn, Ball, & Reiser, 1978).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The relation between body semantics and spatial body representations

Elk

Blanke

2011

Acta Psychologica

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The present study addressed the relation between body semantics (i.e. semantic knowledge about the human body) and spatial body representations, by presenting participants with word pairs, one below the other, referring to body parts. The spatial position of the word pairs could be congruent (e.g. EYE / MOUTH) or incongruent (MOUTH / EYE) with respect to the spatial position of the words' referents. In addition, the spatial distance between the words' referents was varied, resulting in word pairs referring to body parts that are close (e.g. EYE / MOUTH) or far in space (e.g. EYE / FOOT). A spatial congruency effect was observed when subjects made an iconicity judgment (Experiments 2 and 3) but not when making a semantic relatedness judgment (Experiment 1). In addition, when making a semantic relatedness judgment (Experiment 1) reaction times increased with increased distance between the body parts but when making an iconicity judgment (Experiments 2 and 3) reaction times decreased with increased distance. These findings suggest that the processing of body-semantics results in the activation of a detailed visuo-spatial body representation that is modulated by the specific task requirements. We discuss these new data with respect to theories of embodied cognition and body semantics.

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Transitive inference in two lemur species (Eulemur macaco and Eulemur fulvus)

Tromp

Meunier

Roeder

2014

American J Primatol

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When confronted with tasks involving reasoning instead of simple learning through trial and error, lemurs appeared to be less competent than simians. Our study aims to investigate lemurs' capability for transitive inference, a form of deductive reasoning in which the subject deduces logical conclusions from preliminary information. Transitive inference may have an adaptative function, especially in species living in large, complex social groups and is proposed to play a major role in rank estimation and establishment of dominance hierarchies. We proposed to test the capacities of reasoning using transitive inference in two species of lemurs, the brown lemur (Eulemur fulvus) and the black lemur (Eulemur macaco), both living in multimale-multifemale societies. For that purpose, we designed an original setup providing, for the first time in this kind of cognitive task, pictures of conspecifics' faces as stimuli. Subjects were trained to differentiate six photographs of unknown conspecifics named randomly from A to F to establish the order A > B > C > D > E > F and select consistently the highest-ranking photograph in five adjacent pairs AB, BC, CD, DE, and EF. Then lemurs were presented with the same adjacent pairs and three new and non-adjacent pairs BD, BE, CE. The results showed that all subjects correctly selected the highest-ranking photograph in every non-adjacent pair, reflecting lemurs' capacity for transitive inference. Our results are discussed in the context of the still debated current theories about the mechanisms underlying this specific capacity.

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The selective impact of question form and input mode on the symbolic distance effect in children

Cited by 24 publications

References 17 publications

The Growth of Cognitive Structure in Monkeys and Men

The Growth of Cognitive Structure in Monkeys and Men

The relation between body semantics and spatial body representations

Transitive inference in two lemur species (Eulemur macaco and Eulemur fulvus)

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