The Selection of the Sustainable Suppliers by the Development of a Decision Support Framework Based on Analytical Hierarchical Process and Fuzzy Inference System
“…In many cases, a decision causes tradeoffs between different categories of environmental impacts. In the context of the LCA, some approaches have been proposed for harmonizing different impact categories: environmental priority strategies in product development [58], distanceto-target [59], the panel method [60], and the analytic hierarchy process [61,62].…”
Light weighting by material substitution is a key to reducing GHG emissions during vehicle operation. The GHG benefits are a salient factor in selecting lightweight materials for vehicles. Although the literature has performed lightweight material selections using GHG benefits under product- and fleet-based life-cycle inventory (LCI) analyses, recycling effects have therein been accounted for by arbitrarily selecting allocation methods for recycling, as the consensus on their selection is absent. Furthermore, studies have mistreated the temporal variations of the LCI parameters (the dynamic inventory (DI)), though that could be an important factor affecting the overall LCI results when allocation methods for recycling are in place. Therefore, to investigate their influence on greenhouse gas (GHG) benefit evaluations, an LCI case study was conducted, centered on aluminum- and magnesium-substituted internal combustion engine vehicles (ICEVs) at the product- and fleet- levels. “CO2 savings” and the “CO2 payback time”, as well as four allocation methods for recycling, were considered to represent the GHG benefits and address the recycling effects, respectively. The dynamic inventory was based on the world average electricity grid mix change. The results indicate that changing the conditions of the DI and the allocation methods for recycling could alter the better performing material under fleet-based analyses. Therefore, we ascertained that the choice of the allocation method for recycling and conducting fleet-scale dynamic LCI analyses in the presence of the DI is pivotal for material selections.
“…In many cases, a decision causes tradeoffs between different categories of environmental impacts. In the context of the LCA, some approaches have been proposed for harmonizing different impact categories: environmental priority strategies in product development [58], distanceto-target [59], the panel method [60], and the analytic hierarchy process [61,62].…”
Light weighting by material substitution is a key to reducing GHG emissions during vehicle operation. The GHG benefits are a salient factor in selecting lightweight materials for vehicles. Although the literature has performed lightweight material selections using GHG benefits under product- and fleet-based life-cycle inventory (LCI) analyses, recycling effects have therein been accounted for by arbitrarily selecting allocation methods for recycling, as the consensus on their selection is absent. Furthermore, studies have mistreated the temporal variations of the LCI parameters (the dynamic inventory (DI)), though that could be an important factor affecting the overall LCI results when allocation methods for recycling are in place. Therefore, to investigate their influence on greenhouse gas (GHG) benefit evaluations, an LCI case study was conducted, centered on aluminum- and magnesium-substituted internal combustion engine vehicles (ICEVs) at the product- and fleet- levels. “CO2 savings” and the “CO2 payback time”, as well as four allocation methods for recycling, were considered to represent the GHG benefits and address the recycling effects, respectively. The dynamic inventory was based on the world average electricity grid mix change. The results indicate that changing the conditions of the DI and the allocation methods for recycling could alter the better performing material under fleet-based analyses. Therefore, we ascertained that the choice of the allocation method for recycling and conducting fleet-scale dynamic LCI analyses in the presence of the DI is pivotal for material selections.
“…For order allocation based on multi-criteria, multi-criteria decisionmaking (MCDM) simulates the decision-making process in an uncertain environment (You et al, 2020). According to the review, AHP is the most widely used MCDM technique for evaluating criteria (Omair et al, 2021). AHP is a mathematical approach that uses a pairwise comparison scheme to assign weights to numerous alternatives.…”
Malaysia is the world’s leading producer of rubber gloves, among over 150 manufacturers worldwide. Based on current practice among the manufacturer of rubber gloves, there is no fixed guideline in planning for the orders based on various criteria as each criterion has its importance, and the orders are planned based on the real-time situation. Therefore, in this study, the criteria to be considered for order allocation to factories and their importance were determined using Analytical Hierarchical Process (AHP) technique. Six criteria, namely quality, cost, lead time, capacity, special requirement, and regulation compliance, were identified based on the literature search of past studies in the field and supported by the expert’s opinion. Later, the experts ranked the importance of each criterion using a specifically designed questionnaire employing the AHP method. The pairwise comparison matrix was consistent with a consistency ratio (CR) value of 0.0495. Thus, the six criteria by ranking top to bottom with respective weightage are quality (25.81%), cost (21.7%), lead time (20.73%), regulation compliance (16.86%), special requirement (7.86%), and capacity (7.04%). In summary, the objectives of this research have been successfully met, according to the findings, and the criteria ranking can be used as a guideline by rubber glove manufacturers in planning for order allocation.
“…FIS has been employed in a wide variety of applications and disciplines such as multi-criteria decision-making problems [ 35 , 38 ], manufacturing systems [ 39 ], supply chains performance [ 40 , 41 ], supplier selection in supply chains [ 42 – 44 ], and medical diagnosis and healthcare [ 45 ]. FIS has also been broadly used in risk assessment to overcome the intrinsic uncertainty associated with risk measures [ 46 – 48 ].…”
Common interventions to control the spread of cholera include improving sanitation, hygiene, and access to safe drinking water and providing epidemic regions with sufficient treatment kits and oral vaccines. Due to resources limitation, these interventions should be guided by a risk assessment of cholera-affected regions, thereby targeting regions based on their risk level. Cholera risk assessment is very challenging because of the lack of precise and reliable data. This study proposes an approach for cholera risk assessment and vaccine allocation, which consists of two phases: (i) cholera risk assessment, where a fuzzy inference system (FIS) is proposed to evaluate the risk level of cholera-affected regions based on five cholera risk indicators: (1) attack rate, (2) case fatality rate, (3) the number of internally displaced persons, (4) accessibility of water, sanitation and hygiene, and (5) accessibility of cholera treatment; (ii) cholera vaccine allocation, where a mixed-integer programming model is used to optimize the allocation of limited vaccine doses among multiple regions over multiple periods while considering the risk level, population of regions, and vaccine efficacy. The model answers the questions of where, what amounts, and when to send vaccines during a 2-year horizon. Implementation of the proposed approach is illustrated using a case study from Yemen, which is currently experiencing the world’s worst cholera outbreak according to the World Health Organization. The results reveal the usefulness of the proposed approach in mapping the cholera risk, which in turn is used as effective guidance for the allocation of cholera vaccine.
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