The Selection of Fulbright Scholars

Joughin, Louis

doi:10.2307/40222727

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“…This was based on an admission of a State Department spokesman that the BFS received 'raw files' and proceeded to 'sort out the gossip'. 60 The academics argued that the BFS did not possess the expertise to interpret raw security data. Similarly, it was over-reaching by making judgments about disloyalty.…”

Section: 'Mistakes Sometimes Are Made': Japanese Women In the Usamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The criterion presumably used to reject Loewenberg read, 'The Board has adopted a policy that convincing evidence of disloyalty to the United States will be regarded as a sound basis for the rejection of American candidates'. 61 The BFS agreed to revise its selection procedures to eliminate evaluations of applicants' loyalty or disloyalty, which came into effect from October 1959. Nonetheless, the ACLU 'warned that vague language used to describe a desirable candidate may still be used to reject an applicant without sufficient explanation'.…”

Section: 'Mistakes Sometimes Are Made': Japanese Women In the Usamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Nonetheless, the ACLU 'warned that vague language used to describe a desirable candidate may still be used to reject an applicant without sufficient explanation'. 62 Loewenberg was awarded his scholarship in 1960-1961 after this major academic inquiry. The efforts of the Indian left and the ACLU, however, failed to have Skinner's Fulbright reinstated and save her career as a teacher of English.…”

Section: 'Mistakes Sometimes Are Made': Japanese Women In the Usamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…17 By the late 1950s there were calls to make the Fulbright Program more accountable for the secret rules and processes it used to disqualify scholars. 18 Even so, the involvement of diplomatic and security forces guaranteed that allegations made against the offenders remained secret. As we suspect of our cases, an accused woman might remain in partial or even complete ignorance of the allegations against her and who had condemned her.…”

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‘An Undesirable Type of Fulbright Grantee’: Women, Gender and Transgression in the Cold War Asia–Pacific Region

Jordan¹,

Kirkby²

2020

Gender & History

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The Fulbright Program has, since it was established in 1946, facilitated international scholarly exchange to and from the United States on an unprecedented scale. 1 This programme, designed to foster a global intellectual leadership, was from the outset inclusive of elite women and therefore offers opportunities to evaluate the influence of gender. Although the programme was legislated by a male-dominated Congress and administered by a male-dominated bureaucracy, women nonetheless had a minority presence. 2 Some served on the Board of Foreign Scholarships (BFS) which administered the programme, some were appointed as directors of bi-national commissions set up in partner countries and others were recipients of awards. 3 Scholarship on the Fulbright Program has recognised that the majority of grant recipients were men. 4 Yet neither the meaning of the minority status of women in the programme nor its impact on the experience of women themselves has been questioned. This programme which has been the most far-reaching scheme for fostering educational exchange across the world has not been exposed to critical gender analysis. The programme's stress on the personal attributes of candidates created opportunities for gendered interpretations of merit. Selection committees in participating countries were strongly advised to give 'as much weight to character and personality as you do to academic standing'. Grantees were to become 'unofficial ambassadors' so the successful students 'must be emotionally stable and the kind of persons. .. who will mix well with United States students'. 5 In evaluating these non-academic criteria for Fulbright scholars, committees were bound to be influenced by expectations of gender norms. The Fulbright Program was skewed heavily towards male scholars. Hence its standards of character, personality and behaviour-what constituted a desirable type of grantee-were formed with men in mind. Women who succeeded under these conditions were effectively 'honorary men', up to a point. Plant biologist Adele Millerd was among the first Australians to receive a Fulbright grant in 1950. Millerd vividly remembered, some sixty years later, the humiliation she felt in the selection interview before an all-male panel. One of the men 'ran his eyes up and down' her and asked how

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Section: 'Mistakes Sometimes Are Made': Japanese Women In the Usamentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: 'Mistakes Sometimes Are Made': Japanese Women In the Usamentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: 'Mistakes Sometimes Are Made': Japanese Women In the Usamentioning

confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

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