The seismogenic zone of the continental crust in Northwest Iberia and its relation to crustal structure

Llana‐Fúnez, Sergio; Fernández, Carlos López

doi:10.1002/2015tc003877

Cited by 19 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 71 publications

(114 reference statements)

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“…Both thrusts cut across the upper crust up to a depth of 14 km, where they seem to sole in the boundary with the middle crust. This is also the depth of the base of the seismic zone in the area (Llana-Fúnez and López-Fernández, 2015). The main Alpine thrust shows no associated prominent reflections in the upper 2 s in ESCIN-2; however, this upper part has been clearly imaged in the commercial reflection profiles, together with other N-dipping thrusts located further to the north that coincide in the surface with Variscan structures that reworked during the Alpine event.…”

Section: Geological Interpretation and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The line runs across a strike of Carboniferous thrusts and related folds emplaced approximately northwards. These structures are part of a thin-skinned foreland thrust and fold belt, the so-called Cantabrian Zone (Julivert, 1971;Pérez-Estaún et al, 1988, 1994Alonso et al, 2009). The significance of the Mesozoic extensional deformation superposed in the area is difficult to infer due to the lack of Mesozoic outcrops.…”

Section: Geology Along Escin-deep Seismic Reflection Profilementioning

confidence: 99%

“…The wellknown Variscan structure of the mountain range has been studied for a long time (e.g. Julivert, 1971;Pérez-Estaún et al, 1988;Dallmeyer and Martínez-García, 1990;Alonso et al, 2009), and more recent studies have focused on the Alpine structure Pulgar et al, , 1999Gallastegui, 2000;Gallastegui et al, 2002, Martín-González et al, 2011Pedreira et al, 2015). The Alpine history is directly related to the post-Variscan evolution of the North Iberian Margin, which started by a Permo-Triassic rifting stage that was followed by an approximately N-S extensional episode, triggered by the opening of the Atlantic Ocean and the Bay of Biscay during Late Jurassic and Early Cretaceous times.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Alpine tectonic wedging and crustal delamination in the Cantabrian Mountains (NW Spain)

2016

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Abstract. The Cantabrian Mountains have been interpreted as a Paleozoic basement block uplifted during an Alpine deformation event that led to the partial closure of the Bay of Biscay and the building of the Pyrenean range in the Cenozoic. A detailed interpretation of deep seismic reflection profile ESCIN-2 and the two-dimensional seismic modelling of the data allowed us to construct a N–S geological cross section along the southern border of the Cantabrian Mountains and the transition to the Duero Cenozoic foreland basin, highlighting the Alpine structure. The proposed geological cross section has been constrained by all geophysical data available, including a 2-D gravity model constructed for this study as well as refraction and magnetotelluric models from previous studies. A set of south-vergent thrusts dipping 30 to 36° to the north, cut the upper crust with a ramp geometry and sole in the boundary with the middle crust. These thrusts are responsible for the uplift and the main Alpine deformation in the Cantabrian Mountains. A conspicuous reflective Moho shows that the crust thickens northwards from the Duero basin, where subhorizontal Moho is 32 km deep, to 47 km in the northernmost end of ESCIN-2, where Moho dips to the north beneath the Cantabrian Mountains. Further north, out of the profile, Moho reaches a maximum depth of 55 km, according to wide-angle/refraction data. ESCIN-2 indicates the presence of a tectonic wedge of the crust of the Cantabrian margin beneath the Cantabrian Mountains, which is indented from north to south into the delaminated Iberian crust, forcing its northward subduction.

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Section: Geological Interpretation and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Geology Along Escin-deep Seismic Reflection Profilementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Alpine tectonic wedging and crustal delamination in the Cantabrian Mountains (NW Spain)

2016

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Section: Geology Along Escin-deep Seismic Reflection Profilementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reply Referee #2

Gallastegui¹

2016

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We would like to express our gratitude to the anonymous reviewer (#2). for his thorough review. The constructive comments helped to improve the manuscript. In this file, we will reply the major issues included in the revision. All changes will be added to the last version of the manuscript. We attach a commented pdf version of the final text after the revision from both reviewers as a supplement file. Lines and pages in our reply refer to those in the supplement file.REPLY TO COMMENTS REFEREE 2 * The data description beginning on page 4 line 27 is hard to follow. Consider moving much of the detailed references to CDP numbers and reflector times to the figure captions C1

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Timing of paraglacial rock‐slope failures and denudation signatures in the Cantabrian Mountains (North Iberian Peninsula)

et al. 2018

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Glacial erosion of hillslopes and stress changes induced by the transition from glacial to nonglacial conditions exert a strong influence on slope instability and are considered among the scope of paraglacial geomorphology. Failure mechanisms and coupling between paraglacial rock-slope failures (RSFs) and fluvial erosion are difficult to define. Here we show a preliminary spatio-temporal framework of paraglacial RSFs in a small catchment of the central Cantabrian Mountains, the San Isidro valley, with a dense concentration of RSFs. Preliminary radiocarbon dates obtained from two floodplain sequences deposited upstream from RSFs indicate that their sedimentation started as consequence of valley impoundment by RSFs after glacier retreat (after approximately 16.1 ka), consistent with the deglaciation pattern of nearby valleys. RSFs continued during the Holocene. Glacier erosion, debuttressing, and stressrelease conditions played an important role in slope destabilization as preparatory factors in all cases and probably triggered the oldest events. However, the long prefailure endurance (approximately 12 ka) between RSFs points to other factors such as rainfall and fluvial down-cutting of hillslopes as triggers for Holocene events.Postglacial fluvial incision rates of 2.2-2.5 mm a −1 were estimated along gullies carved into bedrock areas nonaffected by RSFs. These values are one order of magnitude higher than previous rates based on other geomorphological proxies (~0.2 mm a −1 ), suggesting accelerated fluvial incision following the last deglaciation. Local RSFs contributed to increase in fluvial incision rates by a factor of three. This study provides a quantitative perspective of postglacial land degradation relevant for understanding postorogenic landscape evolution.

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The seismogenic zone of the continental crust in Northwest Iberia and its relation to crustal structure

Cited by 19 publications

References 71 publications

Alpine tectonic wedging and crustal delamination in the Cantabrian Mountains (NW Spain)

Alpine tectonic wedging and crustal delamination in the Cantabrian Mountains (NW Spain)

Reply Referee #2

Timing of paraglacial rock‐slope failures and denudation signatures in the Cantabrian Mountains (North Iberian Peninsula)

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