The Segond fracture of the proximal tibia: a small avulsion that reflects major ligamentous damage

Segond Fracture Revealed by Ultrasonography

“…8 The diagnosis is often made on routine radiographs of the knee, especially on the anteroposterior view, which shows the small avulsed cortical fragment; however, the latter can only be apparent on the tunnel view. 3 In the case reported herein, the avulsion fracture was depicted only on the oblique view, but it was easily identified on ultrasonographic images.…”

“…Complete disruption of the ACL and medial and lateral meniscal tears often accompany the Segond fracture. [2][3][4] Other lesions, such as popliteus tendon tears 7 and tears of the tibial collateral ligament, 4,7 can also be involved. Associated ligamentous and meniscal injuries identified with MR imaging involve the ACL in 92% to 94% of cases, the lateral meniscus in 23% to 33% of cases, and the medial meniscus in 8% to 30% of cases.…”

“…The Segond fracture was previously thought to result from an avulsion fracture at the insertion of the middle portion of the lateral joint capsule, also called the LCL, of the knee. [1][2][3][4][5][6] In this regard, Weber and colleagues collateral ligament in an oblique fashion to insert at the midportion of the lateral tibia, posterior to the LCL; and fourth, an attachment of these structures connected to each other at the typical site of the Segond fracture (ie, the lateral tibial rim). These authors suggested that, in addition to the LCL, fibers of the iliotibial tract and the AOB are important factors in the pathogenesis of the Segond fracture.…”

Posterolateral and Posteromedial Corner Injuries of the Knee

“…Different studies found its association with ACL injuries, meniscal tears, and damage to the PLC structures. Dietz and colleagues, 76 in a study on 20 knees, reported a concomitant ACL injury (confirmed at arthroscopy or physical examination) in 75% of the cases, whereas Goldman and colleagues, 77 in their study on 9 knees, reported an associated ACL injury in 100% of their patients with arthrographic and surgical confirmation. Campos and colleagues 78 suggested the involvement of the iliotibial band and the anterior oblique band of the lateral collateral ligament as important factors in the pathogenesis of the Segond fracture.…”

Plating as an operative management of intra articular fractures of the upper end of tibia: a prospective clinical study

“…Avulsion of the fibular head and the segond fracture (lateral capsular avulsion) are the signs of associated ligamentous injury, whereas the Pellegrini-Stieda lesion (calcification along the insertion of the medial collateral ligament) was seen late and represents injury to the medial collateral ligament (Figure 1). 16,17 …”