The Segmentation of the Youth Labour Market

Ashton, David; Maguire, Malcolm; Spilsbury, Mark

doi:10.1007/978-1-349-20737-4_8

Cited by 12 publications

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“…In turn, their employers and parents did not regard them as 'marginal workers' or 'failures', but as young recruits who had the potential to build upon their skills and abilities within an applied training environment. These findings resonate with the studies of the youth labour and training markets which were conducted in the 1970s and 1980s, and identified labour market segments, in which some young people accessed good quality training and development (Ashton et al, 1982, Roberts et al, 1986, Lee et al, 1987, and Raffe, 1990. A key difference was that young people now operate in an 'open' labour market -one in which they compete for jobs and training with all age groups.…”

Section: Making a Careersupporting

confidence: 81%

“…This contrasts with the 1970s and the 1980s, when there was considerable academic debate about the composition of a distinct youth labour market (Ashton, Maguire and Garland, 1982;Ashton and Maguire, 1988;Bynner, 1990;Roberts and Parsell, 1992;Raffe, 1988;Furlong, 1992). Since the late 1970s, there has been a transformation of the labour market opportunities available to young people, with attendant changes resulting in a less easily identifiable and distinctive youth labour market (Maguire and Maguire, 1997).…”

mentioning

confidence: 98%

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‘I just want a job’ – what do we really know about young people in jobs without training?

Maguire

2010

Journal of Youth Studies

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Over recent years, a central concern of policy has been to drive up post-16 participation rates in full-time education and address the needs of young people not in education, employment or training (NEET). As a result, young people who enter work which is classified as 'without training' at 16/17 have largely been ignored. However, the decision to Raise the Participation Age (RPA) for continuing in learning for all 17-year olds from 2013 and for all 18-year olds from 2015 in England, together with a growing unease about the impact of the current recession on youth unemployment rates, have revived interest in the 'jobs without training' (JWT) group. This paper draws on the findings from two studies: first, a qualitative study in two contrasting local labour markets, of young people in JWT, together with their employers and parents; and second, an evaluation of the Learning Agreement Pilots (LAP), which was the first policy initiative in England targeted at the JWT group. Both studies reveal a dearth of understanding about early labour market entrants and a lack of policy intervention and infrastructure to support the needs of the JWT group throughout the UK. From this, it is concluded that questionable assumptions have been made about the composition and the aspirations of young people in JWT, and their employers, on the basis of little or no evidence. As a consequence, a policy 'quick fix' to satisfy the RPA agenda will not easily be achieved. If the decision to raise the participation age is adopted also by the Welsh and Scottish parliaments, similar challenges may have to be faced. (DCSF, 2009). This is a far cry from 1972, when the statutory schoolleaving age was raised from 15 to 16, and nearly two-thirds of all young people left school as soon as possible, with the vast majority moving directly into work (Roberts, 1995).The position in the UK can also be contrasted to those in other countries. For example, Ryan (2001) pointed to there being significant differences between European countries, both in terms of their levels of youth unemployment and with regard to the quality of work in which young people are employed. Ryan attributes such cross-national differences to structural factors, such as variations between countries in their levels of economic performance, cyclical trends in unemployment rates and youth cohort sizes. Recent empirical evidence also suggests that national differences with regard to employment protection legislation, as well as the level of support for vocational education, significantly impact on young people's labour market entry patterns, depending on their levels of academic attainment (Wolbers, 2007). Wolbers' study found that deregulated labour markets, such as the UK, were more likely to increase the likelihood of unemployment or inactivity once young people had entered the labour market and to reduce the quality of their first employment. However, protective employment practices were also found to benefit young people with higher levels of education in highly deregulated labour ...

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Section: Making a Careersupporting

confidence: 81%

mentioning

confidence: 98%

‘I just want a job’ – what do we really know about young people in jobs without training?

Maguire

2010

Journal of Youth Studies

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“…This key transformation received a great deal of sociological attention (see Ashton et al 1982;Atkinson and Rees 1982;Raffe 1984Raffe , 1988Roberts, 1984Roberts, , 1997Brown and Ashton 1987;Furlong 1987;Bynner 1996;Maguire and Maguire 1997). The growing levels of youth unemployment in the 1970s and 1980s are well documented (Casson 1979;Jackson, 1985 Gallie andMarsh 1994).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

School-to-Work in the 1990s: Modelling Transitions with Large-Scale Datasets

Gayle

Lambert

Murray

2009

Transitions From Education to Work

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“…Ashton and Maguire (1983), and Ashton, Maguire, and Spilsbury (1990) were of the view that the cause of the division of the labour market into noncompeting groups arose from employers viewing labour as non-substitutable.…”

Section: Youth Labour Market Segmentationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Operation, Problems, and Prospects of Youth Employment Programmes in Oyo State, Nigeria

Ayodeji¹,

Salau²,

Adeniyi³

2014

JEDS

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Oyo State like many of its counterparts in Nigeria is faced with the problem of a high number of its young population lacking access to employment opportunities. The State Government having realized the extent of the problem had to embark on several initiatives with the aim of reducing youth unemployment in the state. Evaluating the impact of any programme is an invaluable element required in policy formulation thus, the study was conducted to investigate the operation, problems and prospects of youth employment programmes in the State, using the Skill Acquisition Scheme and the Youth Empowerment Scheme-Oyo (YES-O) as case studies. A survey methodology was adopted for the study with structured questionnaires designed for four categories of respondents: trainees under the Skill Acquisition Scheme, tutors under the Skill Acquisition Scheme, administrators of the two employment programmes in the State, and cadets of the YES-O programme. The data gotten from respondents were analyzed through the help of the statistical software, SPSS. To ensure a lucid and simple analysis, descriptive statistics measures such as tables and percentages were used in interpreting results gotten from the study. The results obtained showed that many factors have militated against the ability of the two schemes to achieve their objectives. The State Skills Acquisition Scheme was characterized by problems ranging from inadequate funding, lack of an enduring exit strategy, lack of start-up capital, ineffective monitoring and supervisory mechanism, absence of literacy and numeracy components, and poor sensitization. The YES-O programme encountered challenges such as salary-related issues, absence of clearly defined exit strategy, duplications of duties and the inability of cadets to acquire relevant skills useful in the labor market. The recommendations for the improvement of the Skill Acquisition Scheme include the expansion of channels of enrollment into the scheme through collaboration with social groups, the establishment of more training centers, the creation of linkages with Micro Finance Institutions, and the adoption of Public Private Partnership (PPP) developmental strategy in the scheme. With regard to the YES-O programme, components such as entrepreneurship education, vocational training, and business management skills should be incorporated into the programme to cater for cadets in the post YES-O employment period.

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The Segmentation of the Youth Labour Market

Cited by 12 publications

References 0 publications

‘I just want a job’ – what do we really know about young people in jobs without training?

‘I just want a job’ – what do we really know about young people in jobs without training?

School-to-Work in the 1990s: Modelling Transitions with Large-Scale Datasets

Operation, Problems, and Prospects of Youth Employment Programmes in Oyo State, Nigeria

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