The Sedimentation Rate of the Biological Activities of Influenza a Virus

Lauffer, Max A.; Miller, Gail Lorenz

doi:10.1084/jem.80.6.521

Cited by 23 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 15 publications

(7 reference statements)

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“…The coincidence of optimum pH conditions for the two types of biological activity may be regarded as evidence that both activities arise from the same particle. Independent evidence obtained by means of centrifuge studies has provided more conclusive proof for the identification of the two properties with a single physical unit (17,18). The marked differences which have been observed between the rates of loss of CCA activity and of infectivity suggest, however, that the CCA activity is much less sensitive than the infectivity to alterations in virus structure.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

INFLUENCE OF pH AND OF CERTAIN OTHER CONDITIONS ON THE STABILITY OF THE INFECTIVITY AND RED CELL AGGLUTINATING ACTIVITY OF INFLUENZA VIRUS

Miller¹

1944

Journal of Experimental Medicine

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A factor of considerable importance to the stability of the infectivity of influenza virus is pH. Andrewes and Smith found in preliminary experiments that the infectivity of the W.S. strain of influenza virus was fairly stable between pH 7 and 9 but that it was unsafe to keep the virus very long on the acid side of pH 7 (1). Ostrovskaya and coworkers reported that the influenza virus which they studied was most stable at pH 7.0-7.5 (2). Stock and Francis found the PR8 strain to be most stable at pH 7.0 (3).The effect of pH upon the chicken red blood cell agglutinating (CCA) activity of preparations of influenza virus has not, however, been tested. Since the measurement of CCA activity as well as of infectivity can be used as a biological test for the characterization of influenza virus (4), it is of importance to establish conditions of maximum stability for both. Such a study would possess the added interest that the determination of the relative pH stabilities of the different biological activities might yield information bearing upon the question of whether or not both activities arise from one and the same particle. Accordingly, a detailed investigation has been made of the pH stability of strains of influenza virus with respect both to infectivity and to CCA activity.The present studies were carried out with preparations of PR8, Lee, and swine viruses concentrated and purified from the allantoic fluid of infected chick embryos by means of differential centrifugation. Previous investigators (1-3) employed suspensions or filtrates of infected mouse lungs. In order that the importance of temperature to the stability of the virus might be determined, certain of the experiments were carried out at room temperature and others at 4 ° C. Observations also were made on the effect of the composition of the buffers and of the concentration of the virus protein on the stability of the virus.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

INFLUENCE OF pH AND OF CERTAIN OTHER CONDITIONS ON THE STABILITY OF THE INFECTIVITY AND RED CELL AGGLUTINATING ACTIVITY OF INFLUENZA VIRUS

Miller¹

1944

Journal of Experimental Medicine

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“…In these experiments the virus was ultracentrifuged in a sucrose gradient made by adding successively· more dilute sucrose solutions, all con taining the same concentration of virus, to the centrifuge tube. In comparable experiments in a centrifuge cell fitted with a moveable partition Lauffer & Miller (20) found no difference between the sedi mentation constant of the infective and agglutinating principles. The discrepancy may be due to the different techniques or to differences in the initial degree of polydispersity in the virus preparations used by the three groups of workers.…”

Section: Influenza Virusesmentioning

confidence: 92%

The Viruses

Pirie¹

1946

Annu. Rev. Biochem.

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“…From infectious allantoic fluid of chick embryos, highly purified preparations of PR8 influenza virus have recently been obtained which are homogeneous in the analytical ultracentrifuge and in the Tiselius electrophoresis apparatus and which consist of particles about 100 m/~ in diameter (9)(10)(11)(12)(13). When these particles are sedimented it can be shown that the units carrying infectivity and chick cell agglutinating activity sediment at the same rate (14). Therefore, from the association of biological activity with particles of uniform size and electrochemical behavior, it can be concluded, although possibly prematurely, that such particles represent influenza virus.…”

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confidence: 99%

Precipitin Reactions of Highly Purified Influenza Viruses and Related Materials

Knight¹

1946

Journal of Experimental Medicine

102

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Antisera to purified PR8 virus, to purified protein from normal allantoic fluid, and to purified normal mouse lung particles were obtained from hyper-immunized rabbits and used in quantitative precipitin tests employing various purified preparations of influenza virus and related materials as antigens. The results of those tests indicated that the most highly purified preparations of PR8 or of Lee influenza virus obtained from infectious allantoic fluid contain an antigen characteristic of normal allantoic fluid and likewise that highly purified mouse lung PR8 virus contains an antigen characteristic of normal mouse lungs. Since the infectivity of virus preparations which were ultracentrifugally and electrochemically homogeneous was precipitated by the appropriate antisera to normal antigens, it was concluded that the normal antigens constitute a part of the 100 mµ particles with which influenza virus activity is at present deemed to be associated. It was estimated from quantitative precipitin data that the most highly purified preparations of PR8 and of Lee influenza viruses obtained from infectious allantoic fluid contain at least about 20 and 30 per cent, respectively, of an antigenic structure characteristic of the sedimentable protein of normal allantoic fluid.

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The Sedimentation Rate of the Biological Activities of Influenza a Virus

Cited by 23 publications

References 15 publications

INFLUENCE OF pH AND OF CERTAIN OTHER CONDITIONS ON THE STABILITY OF THE INFECTIVITY AND RED CELL AGGLUTINATING ACTIVITY OF INFLUENZA VIRUS

INFLUENCE OF pH AND OF CERTAIN OTHER CONDITIONS ON THE STABILITY OF THE INFECTIVITY AND RED CELL AGGLUTINATING ACTIVITY OF INFLUENZA VIRUS

The Viruses

Precipitin Reactions of Highly Purified Influenza Viruses and Related Materials

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