The secular rise in IQs: In Estonia, the Flynn effect is not a Jensen effect

Must, Olev; Must, Anne; Raudik, Vilve

doi:10.1016/s0160-2896(03)00013-8

Cited by 53 publications

(39 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…For example, is it due to differences in the intelligence instruments, differences in the analyses, differences between countries or is it due to actual differences in the magnitude and direction of this secular trend? Our analysis of the Estonian NIT data, in conjunction with other analysis of the same data [65,66], suggest that age may be a factor in the FE. Nonetheless, more FE scholarship utilizing multiple time periods and appropriate data analysis models is needed.…”

Section: Recommendationssupporting

confidence: 58%

“…Although they assumed only one growth pattern, they did find heterogeneity in the growth. Using different respondent subsets, Must, Must and Raudik [66] found aggregate score changes ranging from 0.04 (13âȂŞ14 year-olds) to 0.22 (12-13 year-olds) IQ points/year, while Must, te Nijenhuis, Must and van Vianen [65] found aggregate score changes ranging from 0.08 (14-15 year-olds) to 0.16 (13-14 year-olds) IQ points/year. Their reported score changes do not map directly onto the changes we found, but their results clearly support the idea of multiple patterns of change underlying the FE.…”

Section: Comparison With Previous Flynn Effect Research Using the Estmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…This data was collected in Estonia at three separate time points: 1934, 1998 and 2006. More information about the sample and the NIT can be found in previous studies using these data [7,9,65,66].…”

Section: National Intelligence Testsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

An Investigation of Growth Mixture Models for Studying the Flynn Effect

Morgan

Beaujean

2014

J. Intell.

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The Flynn effect (FE) is the well-documented generational increase of mean IQ scores over time, but a methodological issue that has not received much attention in the FE literature is the heterogeneity in change patterns across time. Growth mixture models (GMMs) offer researchers a flexible latent variable framework for examining the potential heterogeneity of change patterns. The article presents: (1) a Monte Carlo investigation of the performance of the various measures of model fit for GMMs in data that resemble previous FE studies; and (2) an application of GMM to the National Intelligence Tests. The Monte Carlo study supported the use of the Bayesian information criterion (BIC) and consistent Akaike information criterion (CAIC) for model selection. The GMM application study resulted in the identification of two classes of participants that had unique change patterns across three time periods. Our studies show that GMMs, when applied carefully, are likely to identify homogeneous subpopulations in FE studies, which may aid in further understanding of the FE.

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Section: Recommendationssupporting

confidence: 58%

Section: Comparison With Previous Flynn Effect Research Using the Estmentioning

confidence: 98%

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An Investigation of Growth Mixture Models for Studying the Flynn Effect

Morgan

Beaujean

2014

J. Intell.

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“…There is also some evidence that, within those societies, the Flynn Effect may be leveling off (e.g., [25,26]). Most studies investigating whether the Flynn Effect applies to general intelligence have concluded that it does not (e.g., [27,28]). This suggests that the Flynn Effect applies only to some aspect of practice with the skills we use to measure intelligence and not to whatever is inherent about intelligence itself.…”

Section: Changes In Brain Usagementioning

confidence: 99%

Whither Intelligence Research?

Johnson

2013

J. Intell.

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Today we have many exciting new technological tools that allow us to observe the brain and genome and lure us into new kinds of studies. I believe, however, that we will not be able to make truly effective use of these tools until we understand better what it is we mean to measure when we measure intelligence, how it develops, and the impact of the clear presence of gene-environment correlation on its development.

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“…In 1940, he published doctoral dissertation(Tork, 1940) on the intelligence of Estonian children based on the study of 6,000 schoolchildren (cf Must, Must, & Raudik, 2003)…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

History of experimental psychology from an Estonian perspective

Allik

2006

Psychological Research

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A short review of the development of experimental psychology from an Estonian perspective is presented. The first rector after the reopening of the University of Dorpat (Tartu) in 1802, Georg Friedrich Parrot (1767-1852) was interested in optical phenomena which he attempted to explain by introducing the concept of unconscious inferences, anticipating a similar theory proposed by Herman von Helmholtz 20 years later. One of the next rectors, Alfred Wilhelm Volkmann (1800-1878) was regarded by Edwin Boring as one of the founding fathers of the experimental psychology. Georg Wilhelm Struve (1793-1864) played an essential part in solving the problem of personal equations. Arthur Joachim von Oettingen (1836-1920) developed a theory of music harmony, which stimulated his student Wilhelm Friedrich Ostwald (1853-1932) to study colour harmony. Emil Kraepelin (1856-1926), the founder of modern psychiatry, is by far the most important experimental psychologist who has worked in Estonia. His successor Wladimir von Tchisch (1855-1922), another student of Wilhelm Wundt, continued Kraepelin's work in experimental psychology. The lives of Wolfgang Köhler (1887-1967), who was born in Reval (Tallinn), and Oswald Külpe (1862-1915), who graduated from the University of Dorpat, extended the link between the history of experimental psychology and Estonia. Karl Gustav Girgensohn (1875-1925), the founder of the Dorpat School of the psychology of religion, stretched the use of experimental methods to the study of religious experience.

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The secular rise in IQs: In Estonia, the Flynn effect is not a Jensen effect

Cited by 53 publications

References 10 publications

An Investigation of Growth Mixture Models for Studying the Flynn Effect

An Investigation of Growth Mixture Models for Studying the Flynn Effect

Whither Intelligence Research?

History of experimental psychology from an Estonian perspective

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