The secondary martensitic transformation resulting from tempering tool steels

Landa, V. A.

doi:10.1007/bf00655394

Cited by 2 publications

(2 citation statements)

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“…Similar observations can be found in the literature [22,[27][28][29] and are explained with carbon diffusion (partitioning) from martensite to austenite or relaxation of stresses in the microstructure. It is not clear what the dominating process is or if other unidentified mechanisms are also involved.…”

Section: Transformation To Martensitesupporting

confidence: 90%

Retained Austenite Transformation during Heat Treatment of a 5 Wt Pct Cr Cold Work Tool Steel

Rehan

Medvedeva²,

Svensson

et al. 2017

Metall Mater Trans A

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Retained austenite transformation was studied for a 5 wt pct Cr cold work tool steel tempered at 798 K and 873 K (525°C and 600°C) followed by cooling to room temperature. Tempering cycles with variations in holding times were conducted to observe the mechanisms involved. Phase transformations were studied with dilatometry, and the resulting microstructures were characterized with X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy. Tempering treatments at 798 K (525°C) resulted in retained austenite transformation to martensite on cooling. The martensite start (M s ) and martensite finish (M f ) temperatures increased with longer holding times at tempering temperature. At the same time, the lattice parameter of retained austenite decreased. Calculations from the M s temperatures and lattice parameters suggested that there was a decrease in carbon content of retained austenite as a result of precipitation of carbides prior to transformation. This was in agreement with the resulting microstructure and the contraction of the specimen during tempering, as observed by dilatometry. Tempering at 873 K (600°C) resulted in precipitation of carbides in retained austenite followed by transformation to ferrite and carbides. This was further supported by the initial contraction and later expansion of the dilatometry specimen, the resulting microstructure, and the absence of any phase transformation on cooling from the tempering treatment. It was concluded that there are two mechanisms of retained austenite transformation occurring depending on tempering temperature and time. This was found useful in understanding the standard tempering treatment, and suggestions regarding alternative tempering treatments are discussed.

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Section: Transformation To Martensitesupporting

confidence: 90%

Retained Austenite Transformation during Heat Treatment of a 5 Wt Pct Cr Cold Work Tool Steel

Rehan

Medvedeva²,

Svensson

et al. 2017

Metall Mater Trans A

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“…Precipitation of secondary martensite may occur because of martensitic transformation during DCT. The other explanation could be also that secondary martensite is formed after DCT, during tempering, where the assumption is that the relief of phase hardening stimulated precipitation of secondary martensite forms [97]. [48] also stated that, in their research, DCT had insignificant effect on the core properties of the investigated steel, which is quite an interesting result, as DCT is usually applied to affect the properties from the superficial layer to the core.…”

Section: Effect Of Deep Cryogenic Treatment On Metallic Materials Formentioning

confidence: 88%

Review on the Effect of Deep Cryogenic Treatment of Metallic Materials in Automotive Applications

Jovičević-Klug

Podgornik

2020

Metals

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With the development of society, every year there are increasing demands in the automotive industry on cost savings, environmental safety, reduction of raw material consumption, performance improvement, material life cycle and recycling of components. In this review, emphasis is given on ferrous and non-ferrous alloys, which are used as components, where both groups can be treated by deep cryogenic treatment (DCT). DCT has shown to increase hardness, tensile strength and wear resistance, reduce density of defects in crystal structure, improve toughness and corrosion resistance. Though, some researchers also reported results that showed no change in material properties, or even deterioration of material properties, when subjected to DCT. This additionally points out to lack of consistency and reliability of the DCT process, which is needed for its successful incorporation in automotive applications. However, to prove with certainty the resulting outcome on the material properties and knowledge about the reasons for the variation of this effect on metallic materials, further approach and testing with different variables should be conducted in the future. This review provides a synopsis of different approaches of DCT on different materials for automotive applications in order to indicate effects on the material performance during DCT.

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The secondary martensitic transformation resulting from tempering tool steels

Cited by 2 publications

References 0 publications

Retained Austenite Transformation during Heat Treatment of a 5 Wt Pct Cr Cold Work Tool Steel

Retained Austenite Transformation during Heat Treatment of a 5 Wt Pct Cr Cold Work Tool Steel

Review on the Effect of Deep Cryogenic Treatment of Metallic Materials in Automotive Applications

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