The secondary human yolk sac has an immunophenotype indicative of both hepatic and intestinal differentiation

Nogales, Francisco F.; Dulcey, Isabel

doi:10.1387/ijdb.120080fn

Cited by 12 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 41 publications

(51 reference statements)

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“…Rarely, the mature intestinal component of YS(PE)T may give rise to a mucinous carcinoid. 50 Yolk sac tumors can originate from malignant stem cells present in somatic tumors of the ovary and uterus, usually endometrioid adenocarcinoma 51 ( Figure 5, A) and carcinosarcoma. 15 The histology of these unusual YS(PE)Ts is identical to that of tumors of germ cell origin.…”

Section: Yolk Sac (Primitive Endodermal) Tumorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Germ Cell Tumors of the Ovary: An Update

Nogales

Dulcey

Preda

2014

Archives of Pathology &Amp; Laboratory Medicine

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Context.—The field of ovarian germ cell tumors (OGCTs) has remained relatively unchanged in the last 2 decades. However, the introduction of new stem cell pluripotency markers has provided a new understanding into the identification and taxonomy of OGCT types. New data have provided new insights into unusual teratoma-associated autoimmune disorders and the origin of gliomatosis peritonei. Objective.—To review the impact of new pluripotency markers in the diagnosis of malignant OGCT (MOGCT) and analyze new nomenclature proposals and clinicopathologic entities. Data Sources.—Ovarian germ cell tumors from routine material and expert consultation files at San Cecilio University Hospital, Granada, Spain, and the relevant literature were reviewed. Conclusions.—Although a correct diagnosis of MOGCT can often be made with histologic and classic immunohistochemical studies, the new immunohistochemical pluripotency markers give higher diagnostic accuracy. Germ cell tumors represent a caricature of the phases of normal embryonic differentiation from primordial germ and stem cells to extraembryonal and somatic tissue differentiation. Since every stage of differentiation and its related tumor type exhibit characteristic markers, the analysis of their expression facilitates tumor typing, thus complementing the use of classic antibodies. They also allow a more precise evaluation of the degree of immaturity in teratoma. The new term, primitive endodermal tumors, simplifies the understanding of the complex histology of the yolk sac tumor group, as this terminology encompasses its multiple endodermal differentiations. Recently described autoimmune encephalitis due to antibodies against the N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor has become the most frequent autoimmune disorder associated with ovarian teratoma.

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Section: Yolk Sac (Primitive Endodermal) Tumorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Germ Cell Tumors of the Ovary: An Update

Nogales

Dulcey

Preda

2014

Archives of Pathology &Amp; Laboratory Medicine

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“…The secondary human yolk sac is a vitally important developmental structure whose morphology and immunophenotype have been analysed in few studies. Only recently has it been shown that this temporary organ has an immunophenotype with both intestinal and hepatic features …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A diagnostic immunohistochemical panel for yolk sac (primitive endodermal) tumours based on an immunohistochemical comparison with the human yolk sac

et al. 2014

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CPs reproduce the immunophenotype of HYS and early endoderm with variable expression of both AFP and markers of early gut or hepatic differentiation. SGPs with intestinal differentiation often have incomplete immunophenotypes. A differential diagnosis panel, including both markers of pluripotentiality (SALL4 and/or LIN28) and endoderm (AFP, GPC3 and villin), is proposed. It identifies overlapping multidifferentiation of primitive and somatic immunophenotypes, supporting the recently proposed term of primitive endodermal tumours.

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“…With the differentiation and maturation, expressions of both fetal proteins tend to decrease. During human embryo development, the disappearance of GPC3 expression was 3 weeks later than the same phenomenon of AFP . These evidences showed that during liver development and differentiation of hepatic parenchymal cells, GPC3 has a broader expression spectrum than AFP.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 83%