The secondary frame in spider orb webs: the detail that makes the difference

Soler, Alejandro; Zaera, R.

doi:10.1038/srep31265

Cited by 32 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 32 publications

(37 reference statements)

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“…The stiffness plots as the function of displacement confirmed that stiffness was not constant. Soler et al [27] reported that the secondary frame was interposed between the primary and radial threads of frame threads. The key factor of the secondary frame was to avoid excessive stiffness.…”

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confidence: 99%

Structural properties and their influence on the prey retention in the spider web

Sharma

Kumar

Lakhani

et al. 2018

Phil. Trans. R. Soc. A.

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Orb webs absorb the impact energy of prey and transmit vibratory information to the spider with minimal structural damage. The structural properties of the web and the arrangement of threads within the web affect transmission time during the prey impact. The objective of the present study is to determine damping, stiffness, and transmissibility of healthy and damaged spider webs. Experimental results show that stiffness and transmissibility diminish from the inner to outer spiral threads and gradient variation in the structural properties of spiral threads enhances signal transmission capability toward the centre regardless of the position of prey impact within the healthy web. Spiral threads exhibit excellent prey retention properties due to their stretching capability. Kinetic energy produced by prey is absorbed in the threads, which help the spider to analyse the prey retention properties and also determine the response time. The minor damage (up to 25%) does not alter the basic characteristics of the web due to self-adjustment of tension within the web. Damping, natural frequency, stiffness and transmissibility decrease with the increase in the percentage of damaged web. The present study addresses the structural sustainability of the spider web irrespective of minor damages and also provides guidance in designing the structures under impact. This article is part of the theme issue ‘Bioinspired materials and surfaces for green science and technology’.

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confidence: 99%

Structural properties and their influence on the prey retention in the spider web

Sharma

Kumar

Lakhani

et al. 2018

Phil. Trans. R. Soc. A.

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“…The morphology of orb (circular) spider webs (Fig. 16A) is frequently studied not only because of their superior mechanical properties but also as a source of information about spiders' construction behaviors (Eberhard, 2014;Soler and Zaera, 2016). The orb web represents a layered system with structural anisotropy: "One of the most relevant structural traits of orb webs is their mesh width" (Zschokke and Nakata, 2015, p. 661).…”

Section: Cyclic Variability Of Layer Size Across 2-d Planementioning

confidence: 99%

Peer Review #1 of "Layered patterns in nature, medicine, and materials: quantifying anisotropic structures and cyclicity (v0.1)"

2019

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Various natural patterns-such as terrestrial sand dune ripples, lamellae in vertebrate bones, growth increments in fish scales and corals, aortas and lamellar corpuscles in humans and animals-comprise layers of different thicknesses and lengths. Microstructures in manmade materials-such as alloys, perlite steels, polymers, ceramics, and ripples induced by laser on the surface of graphen-also exhibit layered structures. These layered patterns form a record of internal and external factors regulating pattern formation in their various systems, making it potentially possible to recognize and identify in their incremental sequences trends, periodicities, and events in the formation history of these systems. The morphology of layered systems plays a vital role in developing new materials and in biomimetic research. The structures and sizes of these two-dimensional (2-D) patterns are characteristically anisotropic: That is, the number of layers and their absolute thicknesses vary significantly in different directions. The present work develops a method to quantify the morphological characteristics of 2-D layered patterns that accounts for anisotropy in the object of study. To reach this goal, we use Boolean functions and an N-partite graph to formalize layer structure and thickness across a 2-D plane and to construct charts of 1) "layer thickness vs. layer number" and 2) "layer area vs. layer number." We present a parameter for structural disorder in a layered pattern (DStr) to describe the deviation of a study object's anisotropic structure from an isotropic analog and illustrate that charts and DStr could be used as local and global morphological characteristics describing various layered systems such as images of, for example, geological, atmospheric, medical, materials, forensic, plants, and animals. Suggested future experiments could lead to new insights into layered pattern formation.

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“…2.left). Point masses are assumed at the nodes and middle of the circular webs, to capture the thread second deformation modes and simulate the secondary outer frame as in [10], with Cartesian motion of the masses as generalized coordinates (q). AutoTMTDyn Matlab package [28] is used to derive the system constrained Lagrange dynamics in a vector formalism in the form…”

Section: Lumped System Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Typically, orb-weaving spiders have poor eyesight and in consequence are heavily dependent on (i) web vibrations, to provide information on current surroundings [4], and (ii) highly sensitive mechanoreceptors on all eight legs [5,6], which together enable the animal to interpret propagating web vibrations [7,8]. The structural [9,10] and vibration properties [5,11,12] of the spider web has been studied extensively . Mortimer et al have recently studied and summarized the relevant research on the relationship between material properties of the web and its ability to transmit vibrations in experiments and finite element modeling, [7,8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Toward Computing with Spider Webs: Computational Setup Realization

Sadati

Williams

2018

Biomimetic and Biohybrid Systems

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Spiders are able to extract crucial information, such as the location prey, predators, mates, and even broken threads from propagating web vibrations. The complex structure of the web suggests that the morphology itself might provide computational support in form of a mechanical signal processing system -often referred to as morphological computation. We present preliminary results on identifying these computational aspects in naturally spun webs. A recently presented definition for physical computational systems, consisting of three main elements: (i) a mathematical part, (ii) a computational setup with a theoretical and real part, and (iii) an interpretation, is employed for the first time, to characterize these morphological computation properties. Signal transmission properties of a real spider orb web, as the real part of a morphological computation setup, is investigated in response to step transverse inputs. The parameters of a lumped system model, as the theoretical part of a morphological computation setup, are identified empirically and with the help of an earlier FEM model for the same web. As the possible elements of a computational framework, the web transverse signal filtering, attenuation, delay, memory effect, and deformation modes are briefly discussed based on experimental data and numerical simulations.

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The secondary frame in spider orb webs: the detail that makes the difference

Cited by 32 publications

References 32 publications

Structural properties and their influence on the prey retention in the spider web

Structural properties and their influence on the prey retention in the spider web

Peer Review #1 of "Layered patterns in nature, medicine, and materials: quantifying anisotropic structures and cyclicity (v0.1)"

Toward Computing with Spider Webs: Computational Setup Realization

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