The secondary electroviscous effect in a charged spherical colloid

Drag enhancement of aqueous electrolyte solutions in turbulent pipe flow

“…Theories of the electroviscosity of solid suspensions in electrolytes have been developed, each being able to handle some but not all of the above five variables (Smoluchowski, 1916;Henry, 1931;Sumner and Henry, 1931;Bull, 1932;Krasny-Ergen, 1936;Overbeck, 1943;Booth, 1950a,b;Street, 1958;Chan et al ., 1966;StoneMasui and Watillon, 1968;Whitehead, 1969;StoneMasui and Watillon, 1970;Russel, 1976;Seville, 1977;Russel, 1978a,b;O'Brien and White, 1978;Lever, 1979;Sherwood, 1980;Watterson and White, 1981;O'Brien, 1983;Hinch and Sherwood, 1983;Honig et al ., 1990;Mangelsdorf and White, 1990;Dukhin and van de Ven, 1993;Sherwood et al ., 2000;Rubio-Hernandez et al ., 2001;Wada, 2005). Smoluchowski (1916) first noted that the electrical double layer surrounding a charged solid particle in a liquid led to an increase in the apparent viscosity η a of the system.…”

Impact of electroviscous effect on viscosity in developing highly concentrated protein formulations: Lessons from non-protein charged colloids

“…In this case, the expression for η rel is extended to beyond the first term in ϕ. Theoretical analysis of SEE of charged colloids was performed by Chan et al, 1966, Russel, 1980). For simplicity, here we only introduce the expression derived by Chan et al As reported by Chan et al, the two charged latex particles (polystyrene) approaching experienced a strong electrostatic repulsion which consequently increased the particle–particle separation distance.…”

“…For simplicity, here we only introduce the expression derived by Chan et al As reported by Chan et al, the two charged latex particles (polystyrene) approaching experienced a strong electrostatic repulsion which consequently increased the particle–particle separation distance. Because of electrostatic repulsion, the formed doublet particles have a larger apparent center-to-center distance, causing a larger energy dissipation when rotating in a shear field (Chan et al, 1966). By balancing the hydrodynamic force with electrostatic repulsion while neglecting Van der Waals force and Brownian motion, Chan et al .…”

The Temperature Dependence of the Viscosity of Suspensions of Polystyrene Latices in LiCl Solutions

“…This effect, existing even in extremely diluted suspensions (first electroviscous effect), is due to a distorsion, under a gradient of shear, of the electrical double layer sur rounding the dispersed particles. Theoretical treat ments of this effect have been proposed by several authors [1], [2], [3], and especially Stone-Masui and Watillon [4] have reported extensive viscosity mea surements of polystyrene suspensions at a fixed temperature of 25 °C.…”

“…The second order electroviscous coefficient Ko has been treated by Chan, Blachford, and Goring [3] on the basis of a model taking into account a particular collision process between the charged particles.…”