The Second Law, Asymmetry of Time and Their Implications

Klimenko, A. Y.

doi:10.3390/e24070862

Entropy

2022

DOI: 10.3390/e24070862

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The Second Law, Asymmetry of Time and Their Implications

A. Y. Klimenko

Abstract: Explaining the asymmetry of the directions of time (the time arrow) is one of the major challenges for modern science [...]

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2023

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On the Evolution of Symbols and Prediction Models

Feistel

2023

Biosemiotics

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The ability of predicting upcoming events or conditions in advance offers substantial selective advantage to living beings. The most successful systematic tool for fairly reliable prognoses is the use of dynamical causal models in combination with memorised experience. Surprisingly, causality is a fundamental but rather controversially disputed concept. For both models and memory, symbol processing is requisite. Symbols are a necessary and sufficient attribute of life from its very beginning; the process of their evolutionary emergence was discovered by Julian Huxley a century ago. In behavioural biology, this universal symmetry-breaking kinetic phase transition became known as ritualisation. Symbol use for predicting future dynamical processes has culminated in the unprecedented complexity of mental models used in science and technology, coining the historical ascent of modern humans. Observation and measurement transform structural information of physical exchange processes into symbolic information from which state quantities are derived by means of mental models. However, phylogenetically inherited models such as naïve realism do not necessarily explain the sophisticated insights revealed by modern experiments with, say, entangled quantum states. It is suggested to carefully distinguish observed exchange quantities from predicted unobservable state quantities, and physical reality from mental models thereof.

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On the Evolution of Symbols and Prediction Models

Feistel

2023

Biosemiotics

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show abstract

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The Second Law, Asymmetry of Time and Their Implications

Abstract: Explaining the asymmetry of the directions of time (the time arrow) is one of the major challenges for modern science [...]

Cited by 1 publication

References 6 publications

On the Evolution of Symbols and Prediction Models

On the Evolution of Symbols and Prediction Models

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