The seaweed resources of Ireland: a twenty-first century perspective

Morrison, Liam

doi:10.1007/s10811-020-02067-7

Cited by 41 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 77 publications

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“…The red seaweed Asparagopsis armata Harvey 1855 ( Figure 4 ), native from Australia, was intentionally introduced in Europe due to the high food demand in 1920 [ 78 , 79 , 80 ]. Then, this seaweed species was maintained by aquaculture in Ireland [ 79 ], which lead to their dispersion through this country.…”

Section: Invasive Seaweeds: An Important Feedstock To Food Industrmentioning

confidence: 99%

Invasive Seaweeds in the Iberian Peninsula: A Contribution for Food Supply

et al. 2020

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The introduction of exotic organisms in marine ecosystems can lead to economic and ecological losses. Globally, seaweeds represent a significant part of these non-indigenous species (NIS), with 407 introduced algal species. Furthermore, the presence of NIS seaweeds has been reported as a major concern worldwide since the patterns of their potential invasion mechanisms and vectors are not yet fully understood. Currently, in the Iberian Peninsula, around 50 NIS seaweeds have been recorded. Some of these are also considered invasive due to their overgrowth characteristic and competition with other species. However, invasive seaweeds are suitable for industrial applications due to their high feedstock. Hence, seaweeds’ historical use in daily food diet, allied to research findings, showed that macroalgae are a source of nutrients and bioactive compounds with nutraceutical properties. The main goal of this review is to evaluate the records of NIS seaweeds in the Iberian Peninsula and critically analyze the potential of invasive seaweeds application in the food industry.

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Section: Invasive Seaweeds: An Important Feedstock To Food Industrmentioning

confidence: 99%

Invasive Seaweeds in the Iberian Peninsula: A Contribution for Food Supply

et al. 2020

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“…With exception of Denmark, Norway, and Netherlands, harvesting (either manual or mechanical) is the dominant method for all the macroalgae producing countries when considering the number of production units (Figure 4). Countries along the Atlantic coastline, like Ireland and Spain, have a long tradition for hand harvesting of seaweeds (García Tasende and Rodríguez González, 2003;García Tasende and Peteiro, 2015;Mac Monagail and Morrison, 2020). Although used by only a minority of the harvesting companies in Europe, mechanical harvesting potentially corresponds to higher incomes and removal of larger algal volumes (Alban et al, 2004).…”

Section: (A) Harvesting From Wild Stocksmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…During the winter, some vessels target shellfish, but the main activity of this fleet is kelp harvesting (Alban et al, 2011). Maerl was harvested mechanically in many parts of Brittany using a "sablier" suction dredge (Mac Monagail and Morrison, 2020), but this activity is banned since 2011 in France. In large parts of the coast, particularly in Brittany, seaweed is harvested by hand (a traditional economic activity running for more than 300 years).…”

Section: (A) Harvesting From Wild Stocksmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The main volumes are harvested with the use of seaweed trawlers and mechanical cutting, an activity that started already in the 1960s and targets two main species: L. hyperborea and A. nodosum (Vea and Ask, 2011;Mac Monagail et al, 2017). The same two species are harvested by hand in Ireland using traditional techniques that differ among regions (Mac Monagail and Morrison, 2020).…”

Section: (A) Harvesting From Wild Stocksmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Current Status of the Algae Production Industry in Europe: An Emerging Sector of the Blue Bioeconomy

et al. 2021

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The EU Bioeconomy Strategy aims to support the sustainable growth and development of the EU bio-based sectors while creating jobs, innovation and services. Despite the recognized potential of the algae biomass value chain, significant knowledge gaps still exist regarding the dimension, capability, organization and structure of the algae production in Europe. This study presents and analyses the results of a comprehensive mapping and detailed characterization of the algae production at the European scale, encompassing macroalgae, microalgae, and the cyanobacteria Spirulina. This work mapped 447 algae and Spirulina production units spread between 23 countries, which represents an important addition to the reported number of algae producing countries. More than 50% of these companies produce microalgae and/or Spirulina. Macroalgae production is still depending on harvesting from wild stocks (68% of the macroalgae producing units) but macroalgae aquaculture (land-based and at sea) is developing in several countries in Europe currently representing 32% of the macroalgae production units. France, Ireland, and Spain are the top 3 countries in number of macroalgae production units while Germany, Spain, and Italy stand for the top 3 for microalgae. Spirulina producers are predominantly located in France, Italy, Germany, and Spain. Algae and Spirulina biomass is directed primarily for food and food-related applications including the extraction of high-value products for food supplements and nutraceuticals. Algae production in Europe remains limited by a series of technological, regulatory and market-related barriers. Yet, the results of this study emphasize that the European algae sector has a considerable potential for sustainable development as long as the acknowledged economic, social and environmental challenges are addressed.

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“…Some of these researchers focused on seaweeds of the British Isles (present‐day Éire and the United Kingdom), and many were women and clergymen (e.g., Reverend David Landsborough of Glasgow, 1847) who had a keen interest in the natural world (see Table 3). This work may have been driven by the need to understand marine harvest because “kelp,” potash of all seaweeds, was an economic resource used in agriculture, as packaging material, and an iodine source (Harvey, 1849), and this is certainly a driver for renewed interest in seaweeds from the 1940s (Ara Mara; South & Titley, 1986) to today (Monagail & Morrison, 2020). Cultural uses of kelp were also observed: One herbarium record from The National Botanic Gardens of Ireland is a rosary made from the stipes of L. digitata collected from Glencolumbkille, County Donegal (Figure 4).…”

Section: Historical Records 1700–1900mentioning

confidence: 99%

A review of subtidal kelp forests in Ireland: From first descriptions to new habitat monitoring techniques

Schoenrock

Chan

O'Callaghan

et al. 2020

Ecology and Evolution

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Aim Kelp forests worldwide are important marine ecosystems that foster high primary to secondary productivity and multiple ecosystem services. These ecosystems are increasingly under threat from extreme storms, changing ocean temperatures, harvesting, and greater herbivore pressure at regional and global scales, necessitating urgent documentation of their historical to present‐day distributions. Species range shifts to higher latitudes have already been documented in some species that dominate subtidal habitats within Europe. Very little is known about kelp forest ecosystems in Ireland, where rocky coastlines are dominated by Laminaria hyperborea. In order to rectify this substantial knowledge gap, we compiled historical records from an array of sources to present historical distribution, kelp and kelp forest recording effort over time, and present rational for the monitoring of kelp habitats to better understand ecosystem resilience. Location Ireland (Northern Ireland and Éire). Methods Herbaria, literature from the Linnaean society dating back to late 1700s, journal articles, government reports, and online databases were scoured for information on L. hyperborea. Information about kelp ecosystems was solicited from dive clubs and citizen science groups that are active along Ireland's coastlines. Results Data were used to create distribution maps and analyze methodology and technology used to record L. hyperborea presence and kelp ecosystems within Ireland. We discuss the recent surge in studies on Irish kelp ecosystems, fauna associated with kelp ecosystems that may be used as indicators of ecosystem health and suggest methodologies for continued monitoring. Main Conclusions While there has been a steady increase in recording effort of the dominant subtidal kelp forest species, L. hyperborea, only recently have studies begun to address other important eco‐evolutionary processes at work in kelp forests including connectivity among kelp populations in Ireland. Further monitoring, using suggested methodologies, is required to better understand the resilience of kelp ecosystems in Ireland.

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The seaweed resources of Ireland: a twenty-first century perspective

Cited by 41 publications

References 77 publications

Invasive Seaweeds in the Iberian Peninsula: A Contribution for Food Supply

Invasive Seaweeds in the Iberian Peninsula: A Contribution for Food Supply

Current Status of the Algae Production Industry in Europe: An Emerging Sector of the Blue Bioeconomy

A review of subtidal kelp forests in Ireland: From first descriptions to new habitat monitoring techniques

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