The seasonal variation of the intensity ratio of the D-lines in twilight

Jones, A. Vallance; McPherson, D.H.

doi:10.1016/0021-9169(58)90087-4

Cited by 11 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 4 publications

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“…However, the following lines of reasoning may give some sort of sensible upper and lower bounds. Although Na has apparently not been detected in mass spectrometer experiments with rockets (JuNGE, OLDENBERG, and WASSON, 1962), it has been measured spectroscopically from the ground many times, and estimates of total free Na atoms per cm 2 column (HUNTEN and SHEPHERD, 1954;JONES and MCPHERSON, 1958;SCRIMGER and HUNTEN, 1957;MCNUTT and MACK, 1963;SULLIVAN and HUNTEN, 1964) range from 109 to about 8 x 109 cm -2. Both observation and theory indicate that these free atoms, which can be detected by their resonant scattering or absorption of sunlight, must have a maximum concentration at about 90 kin, and their concentration decreases very rapidly below this level, presumably because of rapid oxidation at the higher pressures.…”

Section: Constituent Gasmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pollution of the upper atmosphere by rockets

Kellogg

1964

Space Sci Rev

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This report estimates the amounts of various constituents that would have to be continually injected by rockets into the upper atmosphere in order to double the worldwide natural concentrations there. Involved in the calculations are: (a) the natural atmospheric abundances of constituents such as H20, CO2, NO, Na, K, Li, H, etc. ; (b) the residence times in various regions of the atmosphere, since these determine how rapidly a constituent will be removed; and (c) the chemical or photochemical stability of a substance exposed to the upper atmosphere environment. It is concluded that a doubling of the CO2, H20, or NO content would require per year on the order of l0 s to l0 s Saturntype rockets, each injecting 100 tons of exhaust above 100 kin. On the other hand, a few hundred small rockets per year, each containing 10 kg of the chemical, would probably double the Na content; similarly, less than two such rockets per year would be expected to double the Li content. These last conclusions have implications for future tracer experiments using these substances.

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