The Seasonal Variability of Sea Surface Temperature and Chlorophyll-a Concentration in the South of Makassar Strait

Nababan, Bisman; Rosyadi, Novilia; Manurung, Djisman; Natih, Nyoman Metta N.; Hakim, Romdonul

doi:10.1016/j.proenv.2016.03.112

Cited by 32 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…On the other hand, the northeast monsoon shows reversal surface wind and SST anomalies leading to decreasing surface chl-a concentration in the GoT and its vicinity. Similar situation has been reported in the southern Makassar Strait, which also experiences reversal of monsoonal winds (Nababan et al 2016). Note that high chl-a concentration along the eastern Sulawesi coast might be due to supply of nutrients from the river runoff that discharge into the GoT (Subarsyah 2008;Habibi et al 2010).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 59%

Spatial and temporal variability of surface chlorophyll-a in the Gulf of Tomini, Sulawesi, Indonesia

et al. 2018

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Sari QW, Siswanto E, Setiabudidaya D, Yustian I, Iskandar I. 2018. Spatial and temporal variability of surface chlorophyll-a in the Gulf of Tomini, Sulawesi, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 19: 793-801. The Gulf of Tomini (GoT) is mostly influenced by seasonal and interannual events. So, the immensive aim of this study is to explore spatial and temporal variations of chlorophyll-a (chl-a) and oceanographic parameters in the GoT under the influences of monsoonal winds, El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO), and Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD). The data were collected from the satellite imaging of chl-a and sea and surface temperature (SST) as well as surface wind from the reanalysis data for a period of January 2003 to December 2015. Monthly variations of the chl-a and SST in the GoT reveal chl-a bloom in the center part to the mouth of the GoT during the southeast monsoon season (boreal summer). The chl-a concentrations were relatively higher (>0.1 mg m-3) and distributed throughout most of the areas near the Maluku Sea. The SST in the middle of the GoT was relatively lower than that near the Maluku Sea (the eastern part of the GoT). On the other hand, during the northwest monsoon (boreal winter), the chl-a concentration decreased (<0.1 mg m-3). During this season, the SST was relatively higher (28-29 °C) than that during the boreal summer (27-26 °C) and distributed uniformly. Meanwhile, on interannual timescale, the ENSO and IOD play important role in regulating chl-a distribution in the GoT. High surface chl-a concentration was observed during El Niño and/or positive IOD events. Enhanced surface chl-a concentration during El Niño and/or positive IOD events was associated with the upward Ekman pumping induced by the southeasterly wind anomalies. The situation was reversed during the Niña and/or negative IOD events.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 59%

Spatial and temporal variability of surface chlorophyll-a in the Gulf of Tomini, Sulawesi, Indonesia

et al. 2018

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“…(Syahdan et al,. 2014, Nababan et al, 2016 Gambar 5. Seperti pada Gambar 3, tetapi di kedalaman 318 m (bawah termoklin).…”

Section: (A) (B)unclassified

Spatial and Temporal Variation of Indonesian Throughflow in the Makassar Strait

Atmadipoera

Horhoruw

Purba

et al. 2016

J. Ilmu dan Teknologi Kelautan Tropis

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Using outputs of INDESO model, this study investigated vertical structure, spatial and temporal variation of the Indonesian Throughflow in Makassar Strait (M-ITF). It was shown that the main axis of persistent southward jet of M-ITF formed It exhibited that contours of the flow amplitudes were similar to M-ITF path, and the largest amplitude was located near the Libani Channel. Out-of-phase relationship of the flow was found between M-ITF and eddies circulation that developed in the edges of the strait. Corresponding temporal fluctuation of the first EOF mode indicated that M-ITF variabilities varied from intraseasonal to inter-annual scales. Annual fluctuation of M-ITF was seen from EOF mode-2 (at thermocline layer) and mode-3 at lower-thermocline. Cross-spectra analysis revealed that variability of M-ITF (e.g. on annual scale) at northern entrance was highly coherent to the fluctuations of North Equatorial Current (NEC) and Mindanao Current (MC), suggesting that variability of M-ITF was remotely influenced by the Pacific low-latitude western boundary currents. Keywords: INDESO model, Indonesian Throughflow, Makassar Strait, EOF, Cross-Spectra Analysis ABSTRAKDari data deret-waktu keluaran model INDESO, studi ini bertujuan mengkaji struktur menegak dan variasi spasial-temporal dari Arlindo di Selat Makassar (M-ITF). Terungkap bahwa sumbu utama jet M-ITF membentuk lintasan khas yang mengikuti lerengan tepi barat dari selat, serta dicirikan dengan nilai energi kinetik tinggi dari dekat permukaan sampai bawah termoklin. Lonjakan drastis dari nilai EK terjadi di bagian selat sempit, yaitu di Kanal Libani, dimana kecepatan aliran dari M-ITF meningkat pesat untuk menjaga keseimbangan volume angkutannya. Di kanal ini besaran kecepatan aliran mencapai maksimum di kedalaman termoklin lebih dari 1.2 m/detik. Variasi spasial dari M-ITF dapat digambarkan dengan EOF mode pertama yang menjelaskan 79 % dari total ragam (variance), dimana terlihat amplitude dari aliran terjadi di sepanjang lintasannya, serta amplitude terbesar di sekitar Kanal Libani. Hubungan fase-terbalik dari aliran antara M-ITF dengan pusaran arus (eddies) yang terjadi di tepi barat (sekitar 1°LU) dan tepi timur (sekitar 4°LS) selat. Fluktuasi temporal yang bersesuaian dengan EOF mode pertama tersebut menunjukkan variabilitas M-ITF terjadi dari skala waktu intramusiman sampai inter-tahunan. Fluktuasi tahunan dari M-ITF terlihat pada EOF mode-2 (di lapisan termoklin) dan mode-3 di lapisan bawah termoklin. Analisis spektral-silang menunjukkan bahwa variabilitas M-ITF memiliki koherensi yang tinggi Arus Ekuator Utara dan Arus Mindanao. Sehingga dapat diduga bahwa fluktuasi M-ITF dipengaruhi secara jarak jauh (remotely) oleh sistem arus di tepi barat Pasifik.

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“…Nilai SPL yang relatif rendah pada musim timur (Juni-Agustus) dapat terjadi karena umumnya pada musim timur massa air laut dari perairan bagian selatan Selat Makassar-Laut Jawa bagian timur bergerak menuju Laut Jawa bagian barat sampai perairan Teluk Jakarta dan sekitarnya (Koropitan and Ikeda, 2016;Koropitan et al, 2009;Syahdan et al, 2014). Pada musim timur (Juni-Agustus), proses upwelling umumnya terjadi di perairan bagian selatan Selat Makassar dimana nilai SPL di daerah ini bisa mencapai 25,7°C (Nababan et al, 2016;Atmadipoera et al, 2016;Atmadipoera and Widyastuti, 2014;Habibi et al, 2010). Massa air laut yang relatif dingin yang berasal dari bagian selatan Selat Makassar ini kemudian terbawa arus yang bergerak ke arah barat menuju perairan Teluk Jakarta dan sekitarnya menjadikan nilai SPL di perairan Teluk Jakarta dan sekitarnya menjadi relatif lebih rendah pada musim timur disbanding musim peralihan sebelum dan sesudahnya.…”

Section: Faktor-faktor Yang Mempengaruhiunclassified

“…Nilai Chla yang relatif tinggi pada musim timur (Mei-Juni) dapat disebabkan oleh massa air laut yang bergerak dari arah bagian Selatan Selat Makassar/Laut Jawa bagian timur menuju perairan Teluk Jakarta membawa massa air yang memiliki nilai Chla yang relatif lebih tinggi akibat terjadinya upwelling di perairan bagian selatan Selat Makassar pada musim timur (Nababan et al, 2016;Atmadipoera et al, 2016;Atmadipoera and Widyastuti, 2014;Habibi et al, 2010).…”

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Sea Surface Temperature Dan Chlorophyll-a Concentration Variabilities of Jakarta Bay and Its Surrounding Waters

Nababan¹

2016

J. Ilmu dan Teknologi Kelautan Tropis

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Variability of sea surface temperature (SST) and the concentration of chlorophyll-a (Chla) in Jakarta Bay and its surrounding waters were analyzed based on the time series data of monthly mean SST and Chla estimated by NOAA AVHRR, SeaWiFS, and MODIS satellites for 17 years (1997 to 2014). Generally, the monthly mean SST values fluctuated seasonally with the semi-annual pattern with the maximum value occurred in the second transitional season (Oct-Nov) and relatively high in the first transitional season (Mar). In contrast, the minimum of monthly mean SST values was found during the east season (Jul) and relatively low during the west season (Des-Jan). SST variabilities were generally associated with the sun position, sea water circulation, and rainfall. Based on MODIS data, the minimum-maximum of monthly mean SST ranged of 28.39°C-32.58°C. Seasonal fluctuations with the semi-annual pattern also occurred in the monthly mean Chla values with the maximum value occurred during the west season (Des-Jan) and relatively high values occurred during the east season (Jun). In contrast, the minimum of the monthly mean Chla was found during the second transition season (Sep-Oct) and relatively low during the first transitional season (March-Apr). The minimum-maximum of monthly mean Chla ranged of 0.09 mg/m3-2.50 mg/m3. Chla fluctuations were generally associated with the variabilities of rainfall, river water discharge, and sea water circulation of the Java Sea. Anomalous climatic factors such as El Nino Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and La Nina produced a significant impact on the SST and Chla interannual variability. Generally, the ENSO phenomenon lo-wers the value SST and Chla, while La Nina events tended to increase Chla values.Keywords: sea surface temperature, chlorophyll-a, fluctuation, NOAA AVHRR, SeaWiFS, MODIS

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The Seasonal Variability of Sea Surface Temperature and Chlorophyll-a Concentration in the South of Makassar Strait

Cited by 32 publications

References 14 publications

Spatial and temporal variability of surface chlorophyll-a in the Gulf of Tomini, Sulawesi, Indonesia

Spatial and temporal variability of surface chlorophyll-a in the Gulf of Tomini, Sulawesi, Indonesia

Spatial and Temporal Variation of Indonesian Throughflow in the Makassar Strait

Sea Surface Temperature Dan Chlorophyll-a Concentration Variabilities of Jakarta Bay and Its Surrounding Waters

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