The seasonal use of small-scale space by benthic species in a transiently hypoxic area

Doya, C.; Aguzzi, Jacopo; Chatzievangelou, Damianos; Costa, Corrado; Tunnicliffe, Verena

doi:10.1016/j.jmarsys.2015.09.005

Cited by 14 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 53 publications

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“…These fixed platforms are being used to acquire image material from which animals of different species can be identified and then counted in a remote fashion, at a high frequency and over consecutive years [5][6][7][8][9]. Then, extracted biological time series are used to estimate how populations and species respond to the changes in environmental conditions (also concomitantly measured) [10][11][12][13][14].…”

Section: The Development Of Marine Imagingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Video Image Enhancement and Machine Learning Pipeline for Underwater Animal Detection and Classification at Cabled Observatories

López-Vázquez¹,

López-Guede

Marini

et al. 2020

Sensors

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An understanding of marine ecosystems and their biodiversity is relevant to sustainable use of the goods and services they offer. Since marine areas host complex ecosystems, it is important to develop spatially widespread monitoring networks capable of providing large amounts of multiparametric information, encompassing both biotic and abiotic variables, and describing the ecological dynamics of the observed species. In this context, imaging devices are valuable tools that complement other biological and oceanographic monitoring devices. Nevertheless, large amounts of images or movies cannot all be manually processed, and autonomous routines for recognizing the relevant content, classification, and tagging are urgently needed. In this work, we propose a pipeline for the analysis of visual data that integrates video/image annotation tools for defining, training, and validation of datasets with video/image enhancement and machine and deep learning approaches. Such a pipeline is required to achieve good performance in the recognition and classification tasks of mobile and sessile megafauna, in order to obtain integrated information on spatial distribution and temporal dynamics. A prototype implementation of the analysis pipeline is provided in the context of deep-sea videos taken by one of the fixed cameras at the LoVe Ocean Observatory network of Lofoten Islands (Norway) at 260 m depth, in the Barents Sea, which has shown good classification results on an independent test dataset with an accuracy value of 76.18% and an area under the curve (AUC) value of 87.59%.

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Section: The Development Of Marine Imagingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Video Image Enhancement and Machine Learning Pipeline for Underwater Animal Detection and Classification at Cabled Observatories

López-Vázquez¹,

López-Guede

Marini

et al. 2020

Sensors

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“…Benthic decapods of similar size have been observed to suppress their cryptic behavior under the effect of sharply induced hypoxia at a scale of hours (i.e. Pilumnus spinifer , Pisidia longimana ; [ 72 – 73 ]), as well as in seasonally hypoxic conditions ( Munida quadrispina small size class; [ 74 ]), which could explain their appearance in the field of view during minimum oxygen levels.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

High-Frequency Patterns in the Abundance of Benthic Species near a Cold-Seep – An Internet Operated Vehicle Application

et al. 2016

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Three benthic megafaunal species (i.e. sablefish Anoplopoma fimbria; pacific hagfish Eptatretus stoutii and a group of juvenile crabs) were tested for diel behavioral patterns at the methane hydrates site of Barkley Canyon (890 m depth), off Vancouver Island (BC, Canada). Fluctuations of animal counts in linear video-transects conducted with the Internet Operated Deep-Sea Crawler “Wally” in June, July and December of 2013, were used as proxy of population activity rhythms. Count time series and environmental parameters were analyzed under the hypothesis that the environmental conditioning of activity rhythms depends on the life habits of particular species (i.e. movement type and trophic level). Non-linear least squares modeling of biological time series revealed significant diel periods for sablefish in summer and for hagfish and crabs in December. Combined cross-correlation and redundancy (RDA) analyses showed strong relationships among environmental fluctuations and detected megafauna. In particular, sablefish presence during summer months was related to flow magnitude, while the activity of pacific hagfish and juvenile crabs in December correlated with change in chemical parameters (i.e. chlorophyll and oxygen concentrations, respectively). Waveform analyses of animal counts and environmental variables confirmed the phase delay during the 24 h cycle. The timing of detection of sablefish occurred under low flow velocities, a possible behavioral adaptation to the general hypoxic conditions. The proposed effect of chlorophyll concentrations on hagfish counts highlights the potential role of phytodetritus as an alternative food source for this opportunistic feeder. The juvenile crabs seemed to display a cryptic behavior, possibly to avoid predation, though this was suppressed when oxygen levels were at a minimum. Our results highlight the potential advantages such mobile observation platforms offer in multiparametric deep-sea monitoring in terms of both spatial and temporal resolution and add to the vastly understudied field of diel rhythms of deep-sea megafauna.

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“…For example, the lack of a clear scaling relationship between size and oxygen consumption in squat lobster suggests anaerobic processes are important in their metabolism. Squat lobster are naturally found in [O 2 ] env below their species‐specific

O_{2}^{crit}

(Chu and Tunnicliffe ) where they aggregate at high densities (>100 individuals m −2 , Burd and Brinkhurst ; Doya et al ). These dense clusters of squat lobster rapidly migrate into shallower depths to exploit food resources (Burd and Brinkhurst ; Anderson and Bell ), which is typical of the opportunistic species characterizing seasonally hypoxic systems (Pihl et al ; Diaz and Rosenberg ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Because the abundance and distributions of our focal species strongly influence compositional heterogeneity in the field, the loss of community structure as a result of hypoxia expansion (Chu and Tunnicliffe 2015a) can be linked to the relative metabolic traits of these key species. For example, the lack of a clear scaling relationship between size and (Chu and Tunnicliffe 2015a) where they aggregate at high densities (>100 individuals m 22 , Burd and Brinkhurst 1984;Doya et al 2016). These dense clusters of squat lobster rapidly migrate into shallower depths to exploit food resources (Burd and Brinkhurst 1984;Anderson and Bell 2014), which is typical of the opportunistic species characterizing seasonally hypoxic systems (Pihl et al 1992;Diaz and Rosenberg 1995).…”

Section: Species-specific Traits Drive Community Responsementioning

confidence: 99%

Ecophysiological limits to aerobic metabolism in hypoxia determine epibenthic distributions and energy sequestration in the northeast Pacific ocean

Chu

Gale

2016

Limnology & Oceanography

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Expansion of oxygen deficient waters (hypoxia) in the northeast Pacific Ocean (NEP) will have marked impacts on marine life. The response of the resident communities will be a function of their ecophysiological constraints in low oxygen, although this remains untested in the NEP due to a lack of integrative studies. Here, we combine in situ surveys and lab‐based respirometry experiments were conducted on three indicator species (spot prawn Pandalus platyceros, slender sole Lyopsetta exilis, squat lobster Munida quadrispina) of seasonally hypoxic systems in the NEP to test if metabolic constraints determine distributions and energy sequestration in a hypoxic setting. These experiments were integrated with a global review of critical oxygen levels ( O2crit; lower threshold of aerobic metabolism) for crustaceans to determine if O2crit‐based hypoxia thresholds are different among ocean basins. Our results show that species‐specific differences in O2crit and standard metabolic rates (1) determine the lowest environmental oxygen ([O2]env) at which in situ populations occur, (2) result in disproportionate shifts in distributions among co‐occurring species during summer hypoxia expansion events, and (3) characterize shifts in megafaunal community respiration rates due to marked spatio‐temporal variability in [O2]env. Our results show that O2crit‐based hypoxia thresholds are significantly lower in the East Pacific Ocean relative to other major ocean basins, which suggests that the physiological response of local fauna to deoxygenation can be determined by the natural variability and oxygen exposure in a region. In order to establish realistic predictions on the biological consequences of marine deoxygenation, we suggest integrating metabolism‐based traits to calculate hypoxia thresholds for marine ecosystems.

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The seasonal use of small-scale space by benthic species in a transiently hypoxic area

Cited by 14 publications

References 53 publications

Video Image Enhancement and Machine Learning Pipeline for Underwater Animal Detection and Classification at Cabled Observatories

Video Image Enhancement and Machine Learning Pipeline for Underwater Animal Detection and Classification at Cabled Observatories

High-Frequency Patterns in the Abundance of Benthic Species near a Cold-Seep – An Internet Operated Vehicle Application

Ecophysiological limits to aerobic metabolism in hypoxia determine epibenthic distributions and energy sequestration in the northeast Pacific ocean

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