The seasonal carbon and water balances of the Cerrado environment of Brazil: Past, present, and future influences of land cover and land use

Arantes, Arielle Elias; Ferreira, Laerte Guimarães; Coe, Michael T.

doi:10.1016/j.isprsjprs.2016.02.008

Cited by 68 publications

(49 citation statements)

References 66 publications

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“…The Amazon is the largest biome (about 50-60% of all Brazil) with a humid tropical climate, low seasonal temperature variability, approximately 1000-2000 mm of annual precipitation, containing approximately half the world's tropical rainforest, and critical for biodiversity and the global carbon balance [84,104,105]. The Cerrado is second in area to the Amazon (about 22-25%), with about 1200-1800 mm of precipitation, experiences seasonal periods of tropical followed by dry climate, and has a great diversity of vegetation types and canopy covers, with savanna, woody savanna, dry grasslands, wet grasses, and tropical forests, often heavily fragmented for agriculture [96,97,[106][107][108]. The Pantanal is one of the largest wetlands in the world (160,000 km 2 ) with a dynamic yearly flooding regime and is a United Nations Educational, Scientific and Culture Organization (UNESCO) World Heritage site containing tropical wetlands with arid tropical species alongside dry shrubland and grasses as well as xeric species [109][110][111].…”

Section: Study Areas: Brazilian Biomesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spatiotemporal Patterns and Phenology of Tropical Vegetation Solar-Induced Chlorophyll Fluorescence across Brazilian Biomes Using Satellite Observations

et al. 2019

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Solar-induced fluorescence (SIF) has been empirically linked to gross primary productivity (GPP) in multiple ecosystems and is thus a promising tool to address the current uncertainties in carbon fluxes at ecosystem to continental scales. However, studies utilizing satellite-measured SIF in South America have concentrated on the Amazonian tropical forest, while SIF in other regions and vegetation classes remain uninvestigated. We examined three years of Orbiting Carbon Observatory-2 (OCO-2) SIF data for vegetation classes within and across the six Brazilian biomes (Amazon, Atlantic Forest, Caatinga, Cerrado, Pampa, and Pantanal) to answer the following: (1) how does satellite-measured SIF differ? (2) What is the relationship (strength and direction) of satellite-measured SIF with canopy temperature (T can ), air temperature (T air ), and vapor pressure deficit (VPD)? (3) How does the phenology of satellite-measured SIF (duration and amplitude of seasonal integrated SIF) compare? Our analysis shows that OCO-2 captures a significantly higher mean SIF with lower variability in the Amazon and lower mean SIF with higher variability in the Caatinga compared to other biomes. OCO-2 also distinguishes the mean SIF of vegetation types within biomes, showing that evergreen broadleaf (EBF) mean SIF is significantly higher than other vegetation classes (deciduous broadleaf (DBF), grassland (GRA), savannas (SAV), and woody savannas (WSAV)) in all biomes. We show that the strengths and directions of correlations of OCO-2 mean SIF to T can , T air , and VPD largely cluster by biome: negative in the Caatinga and Cerrado, positive in the Pampa, and no correlations were found in the Pantanal, while results were mixed for the Amazon and Atlantic Forest. We found mean SIF most strongly correlated with VPD in most vegetation classes in most biomes, followed by T can . Seasonality from time series analysis reveals that OCO-2 SIF measurements capture important differences in the seasonal timing of SIF for different classes, details masked when only examining mean SIF differences. We found that OCO-2 captured the highest base integrated SIF and lowest seasonal pulse integrated SIF in the Amazon for all vegetation classes, indicating continuous photosynthetic activity in the Amazon exceeds other biomes, but with small seasonal increases. Surprisingly, Pantanal EBF SIF had the highest total integrated SIF of all classes in all biomes due to a large seasonal pulse. Additionally, the length of seasons only accounts for about 30% of variability in total integrated SIF; thus, integrated SIF is likely captures differences in photosynthetic activity separate from structural differences. Our results show that satellite measurements of SIF can distinguish important functioning and phenological differences in vegetation classes and thus has the potential to improve our understanding of productivity and seasonality in the tropics.

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Section: Study Areas: Brazilian Biomesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spatiotemporal Patterns and Phenology of Tropical Vegetation Solar-Induced Chlorophyll Fluorescence across Brazilian Biomes Using Satellite Observations

et al. 2019

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“…The region's natural vegetation consists of a variety of vegetation types which vary structurally and in species composition [2]. The Cerrado is considered a global hotspot of biodiversity [3], in particular for plant diversity [4].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Yet, despite its ecological importance, the region has been experiencing rapid deforestation and conversion of natural grassland ecosystems since the 1970s, with replacement by exotic grasses (mainly Brachiaria sp.) for cattle-raising and conversion to arable croplands [2]. These land-use changes have significant environmental implications since they lead to lower carbon stocks, higher greenhouse gas emissions, lower evapotranspiration, and increased heat flux.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of Different Agricultural Waste Biochars on Maize Biomass and Soil Water Content in a Brazilian Cerrado Arenosol

et al. 2017

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Arenosols in the Brazilian Cerrado are increasingly being used for agricultural production, particularly maize. These sandy soils are characterized by low soil organic matter, low available nutrients, and poor water-holding capacity. For this reason, adding biochar as a soil amendment could lead to improved water and nutrient retention. A greenhouse experiment was carried out using twelve biochars derived from four feedstocks (cotton husks, swine manure, eucalyptus sawmill residue, sugarcane filtercake) pyrolized at 400, 500 and 600 • C and applied at 5% w/w. The biochars' effect on maize biomass was examined, along with their contribution to soil physical properties including water retention, electrical conductivity (EC), and grain size distribution. After six weeks, maize plants in soils with eucalyptus and particularly filtercake biochar had higher biomass compared to those in soils with cotton and swine manure biochars. The latter's low biomass was likely related to excessive salinity. In general, our biochars showed potential for increasing θ in sandy soils compared to the soil alone. Filtercake and eucalyptus biochars may improve soil aeration and water infiltration, while applying cotton and swine manure biochars at levels <5% to avoid high salinity could contribute to improved soil water retention in Cerrado Arenosols.

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“…Since the 1970s, this biome has suffered large losses of its natural vegetation due to agricultural expansion (Silva et al, 2006). Currently, the deforestation rate is about 1.6% per year (Arantes et al, 2016), leading to large-scale conversion of native vegetation into agricultural areas, which has already affected more than 40% of the original area of this biome (Sano et al, 2010). In addition to anthropogenic disturbance, as the state has large dimensions, the physiognomy grows in places with different climatic and soil conditions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anthropogenic Disturbances Affect the Relationship Between Spectral Indices and the Biometric Variables of Brazilian Savannas

et al. 2019

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According to previous studies involving biometric variables modeling using remote sensing (RS), data did not consider the effects of anthropogenic disturbance as relevant factor. The main objective of this study was to model aboveground biomass (AGB) and total wood volume (TWV) of Brazilian Savanna biome using vegetation indices (VI) from LANDSAT 5 TM. Multiple linear regression (MLR) and random forest (RF) algorithm were applied across 641 field plots of cerrado sensu stricto of the state of Minas Gerais, Brazil, comparing two models: non-stratified, and stratified according to plot's anthropization degree. AGB and TWV obtained from non-anthropized plots presented linear relation with VIs (R 2 = 0.82 and 0.74, respectively) and, on the other hand, presented nonlinear relation when plots were affected by anthropogenic disturbances or were not stratified. This finding helps improving estimates by stratifying plots into their anthropization degree, mainly in the Brazilian Savanna biome undergoing anthropogenic disturbances.

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The seasonal carbon and water balances of the Cerrado environment of Brazil: Past, present, and future influences of land cover and land use

Cited by 68 publications

References 66 publications

Spatiotemporal Patterns and Phenology of Tropical Vegetation Solar-Induced Chlorophyll Fluorescence across Brazilian Biomes Using Satellite Observations

Spatiotemporal Patterns and Phenology of Tropical Vegetation Solar-Induced Chlorophyll Fluorescence across Brazilian Biomes Using Satellite Observations

Impact of Different Agricultural Waste Biochars on Maize Biomass and Soil Water Content in a Brazilian Cerrado Arenosol

Anthropogenic Disturbances Affect the Relationship Between Spectral Indices and the Biometric Variables of Brazilian Savannas

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