The Seasonal Cambium Activity of Chilean and Californian Shrubs

Abstract

The sclerophyllous evergreen shrub vegetation of southern California and central Chile is characterized by several examples of morphologically similar species. For each one out of a group of four Californian shrub species, four morphologically analogous sclerophyllous evergreens from Chile were chosen. In monthly intervals two‐year branchlets from these eight species were collected and their cambium activity was evaluated by means of a histological analysis. Similar shrub species from Chile and California show a surprisingly strong coincidence in their seasonal fluctuations of cambium activity regardless of their systematic position. This observation is interpreted to mean that convergence has taken place.

Evidence for the role of synchronicity between host phenology and pathogen activity in the distribution of sudden oak death canker disease

“…Mediterranean woody plants may display very different patterns of cambial activity that appear to be determined in part by phylogenetic constraints and by adaptations that afford avoidance of summer drought stress (Avila et al ., 1975; Mooney et al ., 1977). Coast live oak began cambial activity c .…”

“…However, our data are consistent with a hypothesis that host tissue colonization by the pathogen is greatest when cambium is undergoing active divisions. Coast live oak is reported to cease activity by early July (Avila et al ., 1975), but activity of the cambial zone would decrease much earlier as cells go through their phases of maturation (Dodd & Fox, 1990). The timing of peak lesion size varied among trees over the first three inoculation dates in 2003 (Table 4).…”

Contrasting seasonal overlaps between primary and secondary growth are linked to wood anatomy in Mediterranean sub‐shrubs

“…; Avila et al . ; Liphschitz & LevYadun ). Nevertheless, data on wood anatomical features (ring distinctiveness, vessel area and theoretical hydraulic conductance) and seasonal wood formation of Mediterranean sub‐shrub species related to above‐ and belowground phenology are lacking.…”

Structure and Alpha Biodiversity of Major Plant Communities in Chile, a Distant Gondwanan Relation

“…• Biomass, phenology and growth (Kummerow et al 1981) • Ecomorphological characters (Montenegro 1988) • Plant growth forms of Chilean matorral (Orshan et al 1985) • Anatomy of species in the Central Zone of Chile (Montenegro 1984) • Seasonal cambial activity of Chilean shrubs (Avila et al 1975) • Herbaceous vegetation in the Chilean matorral (Montenegro et al 1978) • Growth dynamics of Chilean matorral shrubs (Montenegro et al 1976(Montenegro et al , 1979(Montenegro et al , 1983 • Species richness of plant communities in the Mediterranean-climate of Chile (Montenegro & Teillier 1988) • Water economy of representative evergreen sclerophyll and drought deciduous shrubs of Chile (Mooney & Kummerow 1971) • Effect of fertilizers on fine root density and shoot growth in the Chilean matorral (Kummerow et al 1982) Journal of Environment and Ecology ISSN 2157-6092 2015 volumes summarised the vegetation of Chile -Desert Region (Rauh 1985); Matorral Zone in the Mediterranean-type climate (Rundel 1981(Rundel , 1988; the temperate broad-leaved evergreen forests (Veblen et al 1983); the temperate deciduous forests (Schmaltz 1991); the southern oceanic wet-heaths (Moore 1979). …”