Today, when we have come to see psychology as distinct from philosophy, the appointment is generally referred to as the first professorship in psychology in the United States. Hall and Daniel Coit Gilman, president of Johns Hopkins, saw the appointment as a strategic new professorship in philosophy (O'Donnell, 1985;Wilson, 1990).Hall (1876, 1879) had examined the teaching of philosophy in 300American colleges, and he saw psychology as vital to the regeneration of that teaching. Gilman was building the first successful graduate university in America and wanted a reconstructed philosophy, but he had to be careful. Johns Hopkins had been criticized when openingday ceremonies opened and closed without prayer and Thomas Huxley, the notorious Darwinian, had been brought in to give an invited address. Many people in