The search for germination stimulants in plant-derived smoke extracts

Staden, J. Van; Drewes, F. E.; Jäger, Anna K.

doi:10.1016/s0254-6299(15)30533-0

Cited by 40 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…Elevated GA 3 content in Lactuca sativa seeds has been measured after smoke treatment (Gardner et al, 2001), Studies on Nicotiana attenuata seeds (Schwachtje and Baldwin, 2004) demonstrated that smoke alters the patterns of endogenous GA and ABA during germination. Smoke substitutes for red light (640 nm) in the germination of Lactuca sativa, promoting germination in darkness or in far-red (730 nm) light (Drewes et al, 1995;.…”

Section: Morphologicallymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Lettuce (Drewes et al 1995) and Celery (Thomas and Van Staden 1995) have shown enhanced germination with smoke. Smoke treatments could possibly be used to promote synchronous germination of seeds and to increase the rate of germination.…”

Section: Smoke-derived Compoundsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Grand Rapids) seeds (Drewes et al, 1995) enhance seed germination of celery (Thomas and Van Staden, 1995), release of dormancy in red rice (Oryza sativa) (Doherty and Cohn, 2000) and stimulate root growth of tomato in vitro (Taylor and Van Staden, 1998). Sparg et al (2006) evaluated the effect of aerosol smoke and smoke-water on seeds of commercially cultivated maize (Z. mays cv.…”

Section: Smoke-derived Compoundsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Plant derived smoke stimulation for seed germination and enhancement of crop growth: A review

Govindaraj¹,

Masilamani²,

Albert³

et al. 2016

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Smoke is an important factor involved in fire and post fire germination cues. The role of smoke in stimulating germination was first highlighted in South Africa in a study on Audouinia capitata, a threatened fynbos species. Farmers throughout the world have traditionally used fire and smoke in grain drying practices. It is thought that these methods improve germination and seedling vigor. Smoke has been applied in agriculture mainly by two ways viz., Aerosol method and Smoke water method. In aerosol method, seeds were directly exposed to smoke generated from burning plant material. Smoke-water is one of the most convenient means of application. The biologically active compounds present in smoke readily dissolve in water and when this smoke-extract is used as a diluted solution, treated seeds of many species show a marked improvement in germination. The main active germination compound of smoke-water derived from burned plant materials and cellulose has been identified as butenolide [3-methyl-2H-furo (2, 3-c) pyran-2-one], which is effective at very low concentrations (1 ppb). The compound has recently been referred to as "karrikinolide". Following the initial isolation of KAR1, a whole new family of plant growth regulators, termed 'karrikins', were identified in smoke and several related compounds have been synthesized. It is estimated that between 2 and 5 g of KAR1 is more than sufficient for 1 ha of land application rates that are commercially viable. Application of smoke in various agricultural, horticultural forage and forestry crops had found that smoke acted as a cue for breaking seeds of dormancy, improve seed germination, seedling growth, flowering, plant biomass of different plant families, Invitro plantlet regeneration and pathogen control (Anti-microbial properties).

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Section: Morphologicallymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Smoke-derived Compoundsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Smoke-derived Compoundsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Plant derived smoke stimulation for seed germination and enhancement of crop growth: A review

Govindaraj¹,

Masilamani²,

Albert³

et al. 2016

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“…Smoke derived from burning plant material is a key agent responsible for promoting seed germination following fire 3 and increases seed germination of an estimated 1,200 phylogenetically diverse plant species 4 . Smoke contains thousands of different compounds and there have been many attempts to identify the active compound(s) [5][6][7][8][9][10] . In 2004, a potent bioactive compound in cellulose-and plant-derived smoke was identified as 3-methyl-2H-furo [2,3-c]pyran-2-one (1) (Fig.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Burning vegetation produces cyanohydrins that liberate cyanide and stimulate seed germination

et al. 2011

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Cyanide is well known for its toxicity towards living organisms. many plants use cyanide as a defensive agent against herbivores, releasing it through the enzymatic hydrolysis of endogenous cyanogenic compounds. At low concentrations, cyanide has been proposed to have a regulatory role in many plant processes including stimulation of seed germination. However, no ecological role for cyanide in seed germination has been established. In the present study, we show that burning plant material produces the cyanohydrin, glyceronitrile. We also show that, in the presence of water, glyceronitrile is slowly hydrolysed to release cyanide that stimulates seed germination of a diverse range of fire-responsive species from different continents. We propose that glyceronitrile serves as an ecological store for cyanide and is an important cue for stimulating seed germination and landscape regeneration after fires.

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“…These products increase the permeability of the semi-permeable sub-dermal cuticle to solutes (KisserPriesack et al, 1987). Furthermore, the aqueous extracts of plant-derived smoke and charcoal are equally effective to stimulate germination (Baxter and Van Staden, 1994;Baldwin et al, 1994;Brown, 1993;de Lange and Boucher, 1993;Van Staden et al, 1995). Interestingly, aqueous extracts of smoke, commonly called liquid smoke (L.S), are widely available in supermarkets for use in food preparation and have the same effects as smoke (Jager, 1996a;Keeley et al, 2005).…”

Section: Page 23 Of 279mentioning

confidence: 99%

Mimicking Fire for Post-Mining Restoration Success

Wilkin¹

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Chaparral is an important fire-dominated plant community within the California Floristic Province, which covers about seven percent of California. Typically during a fire, heat immediately acts on Adenostoma fasciculatum (Chamise) seeds/m 2 in the soil seed bank. Smoke also reaches seeds on and near the soil surface. Chemical effects of fire, such as smoke and charcoal, are deposited on the soil surface and leach into the seed bank after fall rains. In nature, this results in enhanced germination of the seeds and the beginning of chaparral post-fire succession. Fire effects, both heat and chemical, have been supported to increase seed germination in numerous laboratory and field studies. I sought to utilize natural fire cues, such as heat, charate, and liquid smoke, to develop successful and efficient restoration prescriptions. The most successful restoration technique developed utilized Wright's Liquid Smoke and heat to increase seed germination of Adenostoma fasciculatum (Chamise), Ceanothus cuneatus (California lilac), and Salvia mellifera (Black Sage) significantly. A new restoration prescription for RCQ based on literature reviews and the above mentioned research is presented.

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The search for germination stimulants in plant-derived smoke extracts

Cited by 40 publications

References 9 publications

Plant derived smoke stimulation for seed germination and enhancement of crop growth: A review

Plant derived smoke stimulation for seed germination and enhancement of crop growth: A review

Burning vegetation produces cyanohydrins that liberate cyanide and stimulate seed germination

Mimicking Fire for Post-Mining Restoration Success

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