The Search for Environmental Mechanisms Underlying the Expression of Psychosis: Introduction

Os, Jim van; Reininghaus, Ulrich; Meyer‐Lindenberg, Andreas

doi:10.1093/schbul/sbw178

Cited by 8 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…In addition, it has been shown that the exposure to environmental enrichment remarkably reduced the stress-sensitive phenotype induced by ancestral stress and also improved several levels of HPA axis function. From a clinical stance, the present findings support increasing evidence indicating that environmental factors in general [34], and daily-life experiences in particular [35], are potent factors in terms of influencing psychotic reactivity and expression. Research has been predominantly guided by diathesis-stress model, and there is a growing criticism regarding the disproportionate focus on stressors and negative life events and the negligence of positive environments.…”

supporting

confidence: 85%

Interaction of both positive and negative daily-life experiences with FKBP5 haplotype on psychosis risk

et al. 2020

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Background. There is limited research on the interaction of both positive and negative daily-life environments with stress-related genetic variants on psychotic experiences (PEs) and negative affect (NA) across the extended psychosis phenotype. This study examined whether the FK506 binding protein 51 (FKBP5) variability moderates the association of positive and negative experiences in the moment with PEs and NA in participants with incipient psychosis and their nonclinical counterparts. Methods. A total of 233 nonclinical and 86 incipient psychosis participants were prompted for a 1-week period to assess their day-to-day experiences. Participants were genotyped for four FKBP5 single nucleotide polymorphisms (rs3800373, rs9296158, rs1360780, and rs9470080). Results. Multilevel analyses indicated that, unlike the risk haplotype, the protective FKBP5 haplotype moderated all the associations of positive experiences with diminished PEs and NA in incipient psychosis compared with nonclinical group. Conclusions. Participants with incipient psychosis showed symptomatic improvement when reporting positive appraisals in the interpersonal domain, which suggests that these act as a powerful coping mechanism. The fact that this occurred in daily-life underscores the clinical significance of this finding and pinpoints the importance of identifying protective mechanisms. In addition, results seem to concur with the vantage sensitivity model of gene–environment interaction, which poses that certain genetic variants may enhance the likelihood of benefiting from positive exposures.

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confidence: 85%

Interaction of both positive and negative daily-life experiences with FKBP5 haplotype on psychosis risk

et al. 2020

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“…Individuals that carry a higher number of risk variants have a higher risk for developing psychotic disorder. Further, there is consistent evidence from numerous twin and family studies that the risk for developing a psychotic disorder is increased in first-degree relatives of patients with the disorder (Guloksuz et al, 2019;van Os, Reininghaus, & Meyer-Lindenberg, 2017a), which suggests a familial liability to psychosis (Islam et al, 2017). Familial liability may derive from a shared environment, i.e.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 92%

Polygenic risk, familial liability and stress reactivity in psychosis: an experience sampling study

et al. 2022

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Background There is evidence for a polygenic contribution to psychosis. One targetable mechanism through which polygenic variation may impact on individuals and interact with the social environment is stress sensitization, characterized by elevated reactivity to minor stressors in daily life. The current study aimed to investigate whether stress reactivity is modified by polygenic risk score for schizophrenia (PRS) in cases with enduring non-affective psychotic disorder, first-degree relatives of cases, and controls. Methods We used the experience sampling method to assess minor stressors, negative affect, positive affect and psychotic experiences in 96 cases, 79 first-degree relatives, i.e. siblings, and 73 controls at wave 3 of the Dutch Genetic Risk and Outcome of Psychosis (GROUP) study. Genome-wide data were collected at baseline to calculate PRS. Results We found that associations of momentary stress with psychotic experiences, but not with negative and positive affect, were modified by PRS and group (all pFWE<0.001). In contrast to our hypotheses, siblings with high PRS reported less intense psychotic experiences in response to momentary stress compared to siblings with low PRS. No differences in magnitude of these associations were observed in cases with high v. low level of PRS. By contrast, controls with high PRS showed more intense psychotic experiences in response to stress compared to those with low PRS. Conclusions This tentatively suggests that polygenic risk may operate in different ways than previously assumed and amplify reactivity to stress in unaffected individuals but operate as a resilience factor in relatives by attenuating their stress reactivity.

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“…Another study of van Os and colleagues came to similar results: They found that subclinical psychotic experiences are transitory in about 80% of individuals, while around 20% go on to develop persistent psychotic experiences and 7% a psychotic disorder 8 . There is evidence that the clinical high-risk state is associated with an increased risk of psychotic disorders and its spectrum of related diagnostic categories such as schizophrenia, schizophreniform disorder, schizoaffective disorder, delusional disorder, brief psychotic disorder, depression/bipolar disorder with psychotic features, substance-induced psychotic disorder, psychotic disorder not otherwise classified 9 , 10 . A study of Rössler and colleagues differentiated between schizotypal signs (defined as the reduced capacity for close relationships as well as ideas of reference, odd beliefs, and suspicion/paranoid ideation) and schizophrenia nuclear symptoms (defined as thought insertion, thought-broadcasting, thought control, and hearing voices) and showed that the expression of these symptoms is predominantly influenced by stable traits around age 30, whereas the occasion-specific states are more influential at ages 20 and 50 11 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Latent state-trait structure of BPRS subscales in clinical high-risk state and first episode psychosis

Hochstrasser

Studerus

Riecher-Rössler

et al. 2022

Sci Rep

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To investigate the longitudinal latent state-trait structure of the different dimensions of psychosis symptoms in clinical high-risk state (CHRS) and first episode psychosis (FEP) individuals over a one year time-span. This paper examines if the symptom clusters Positive Symptoms, Negative Symptoms, Affectivity, Resistance, Activation, and Excitement according to the Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (BPRS) differ in their trait and state characters in 196 CHRS and 131 FEP individuals. Statistical analysis was performed using latent state-trait analysis. On average, trait differences accounted for 72.2% of Positive Symptoms, 81.1% of Negative Symptoms, 57.0% of Affectivity, and 69.2% of Activation, whereas 15.0% of the variance of Resistance and 13.2% of the variance of Excitement were explained by trait differences. Explorative analyses showed a trait components’ increase of 0.408 in Positive Symptoms from baseline up to the 9th month and an increase of 0.521 in Affectivity from baseline up to the 6th month. Negative Symptoms had the highest trait component levels of all subscales between baseline and 6 months. The finding that an increasing proportion of psychosis symptoms is persisting over time underlines the importance of early intervention programs in individuals with psychotic disorders.

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The Search for Environmental Mechanisms Underlying the Expression of Psychosis: Introduction

Cited by 8 publications

References 24 publications

Interaction of both positive and negative daily-life experiences with FKBP5 haplotype on psychosis risk

Interaction of both positive and negative daily-life experiences with FKBP5 haplotype on psychosis risk

Polygenic risk, familial liability and stress reactivity in psychosis: an experience sampling study

Latent state-trait structure of BPRS subscales in clinical high-risk state and first episode psychosis

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