The SCS/ARS/CES Pesticide Properties Database for Environmental Decision-Making

Wauchope, R. D.; Buttler, Tasha M.; Hornsby, Arthur G.; Augustijn-Beckers, P. W. M.; Burt, J. P.

doi:10.1007/978-1-4612-2862-2_1

Cited by 802 publications

(589 citation statements)

References 96 publications

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“…3A). Generally, a close relationship existed between the SPE 22 and SPE 60 for atrazine and metribuzin and a much weaker relationship existed for alachlor ( Fig. 2BFig.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 89%

“…The results suggest that these soils contain large amounts of 'aged' or bound pesticide residues. Evidently, heating in methanol solubilizes some bound atrazine fraction because atrazine extracted by SPE 60 , was, on average, greater than SPE 22 (Fig. 1A).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…Aerobic RE provided slightly better correlation with SPE 60 for metribuzin and atrazine extraction than did SPE 22 (Fig. 1BFig.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…Like the SPE 22 method, the aerobic RE of alachlor showed only a weak correlation with SPE 60 method. Much of the difference between the SPE 22 and the aerobic RE method occurred with the Colo soil. This soil is very acidic and contains relatively modest amounts of organic carbon.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Atrazine is the least soluble (28 and 70 mg l − 1 in water at 20 and 25°C, respectively; [18] and it has a partition coefficient for soil organic carbon, K oc , of 100 [22]. This explains the rather close correlation between the increase in resin extractable atrazine and organic carbon, under anaerobic conditions.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Redox effects on resin extraction of herbicides from soil1

Olness

Basta

Rinke

2002

Talanta

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Relative soil aeration affects the surfaces upon which pesticides adsorb and non-ionic resins offer a means of observing and evaluating this factor. A non-ionic resin extractor, developed for pesticide extraction under reducing conditions, was used to adsorb a fraction of the reversibly adsorbed (active portion) herbicides. The extractor consists of cleaned XAD-2 resin encased in a dialysis membrane composed of regenerated cellulose. Anaerobiosis was achieved by incubating soil suspensions with glucose under a 95% N 2 -5% H 2 environment until the redox potential reached − 150 mV. Nine soils with a range of physical and chemical characteristics were examined for atrazine, metribuzin, and alachlor content. Amounts of atrazine, metribuzin, and alachlor extracted from soil ranged to 100, 140, and 75 ng g − 1 , respectively. Resin extractions (RE) conducted under aerobic conditions recovered about 25-50% of the pesticide extractable with conventional solid phase solvent extraction at 60°C (SPE 60 ). Under anaerobic conditions, equal amounts of atrazine were extracted with RE and SPE 60 . Slightly less metribuzin was recovered under anaerobic extraction with the exception of those soils lacking detectable amounts by SPE 60 . Larger amounts of alachlor were extracted with resins under anaerobic conditions than under aerobic conditions but the amounts were not correlated with those determined by SPE 60 . Large amounts of soil organic matter were solublized under anaerobiosis and smaller molecular weight material was extracted with the herbicides. The nature and amounts of co-extracted organic matter varied among soils. RE directly from soil suspensions enabled simultaneous determination of all three herbicides.

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“…3A). Generally, a close relationship existed between the SPE 22 and SPE 60 for atrazine and metribuzin and a much weaker relationship existed for alachlor ( Fig. 2BFig.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 89%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…Aerobic RE provided slightly better correlation with SPE 60 for metribuzin and atrazine extraction than did SPE 22 (Fig. 1BFig.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 96%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Redox effects on resin extraction of herbicides from soil1

Olness

Basta

Rinke

2002

Talanta

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1-Octanol/Water Partition Coefficient (K_ow) and pK_afor Ionisable Pesticides Measured by apH-Metric Method

Chamberlain¹,

Evans²,

Bromilow³

1996

Pestic. Sci.

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Abstract:pK, values for a wide range of commonly used ionisable pesticides, together with the log KO, values of the most lipophilic form of each, have been measured using pH-metric techniques. Examples of acids, bases and multiprotic compounds from the major classes of herbicides, and a number of insecticides and fungicides that contain ionisable groups, are included. The pK, and log KO, values so obtained were generally in good agreement with values taken from the literature that were measured by other methods.The lower limit of log KO, that could be measured by the pH-metric method lay below the -0.97 obtained for amitrole, but the method could not be applied to glyphosate for which shake-flask measurements indicated log KO, below -3. The highest log KO, obtained in this study was 5.12 for pentachlorophenol.The pH-metric technique offers a rapid and convenient method to determine pK, and log KO, for ionisable compounds, especially when utilising an automatic titration system linked to a dedicated computer.

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Fate of chlorsulfuron in the environment. 1. Laboratory evaluations

Strek

1998

Pestic. Sci.

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:The behaviour and fate of chlorsulfuron in aqueous and soil systems were examined in laboratory studies. Aqueous hydrolysis was pH-dependent and followed pseudo-Ðrst-order degradation kinetics at 25¡C, with faster hydrolysis occurring at pH 5 (half-life 24 days) than at either pH 7 or 9 (half-lives [365 days). Degradation occurred primarily by cleavage of the sulfonylurea bridge to form the major metabolites chlorobenzenesulfonamide (2-chlorobenzenesulfonamide) and triazine amine (4-methoxy-6-methyl-1,3,5-triazin-2-amine). This route is a major degradation pathway in water and soil systems. Aqueous photolysis (corrected for hydrolysis) proceeded much more slowly (half-life 198 days) than aqueous hydrolysis and is not expected to contribute signiÐ-cantly to overall degradation. Hydrolysis in soil thin-layer plates exposed to light (half-life 80 days), however, progressed at a much faster rate than in dark controls (half life 130 days), which suggests that a mechanism other than direct photolysis may have been operative. An aerobic soil metabolism study (25¡C) in a Keyport silt loam soil (pH 6É4, 2É8% OM) showed that degradation was rapid (half-life 20 days). Dissipation in an anaerobic sediment/water system (initial pH of water phase 6É7, Ðnal pH 7É4) progressed much more slowly (half-life [365 days) than in aerobic soil systems. Major degradation products in aerobic soil included the chlorobenzenesulfonamide and triazine amine as in the aqueous hydrolysis study. Neither of these degradation products exhibited phytotoxicity to a variety of crop and weed species in a glasshouse experiment, and both exhibited an acute toxicological proÐle similar to that of chlorsulfuron in a battery of standard tests. Demethylation of the 4-methoxy group on the triazine moiety and subsequent cleavage of the triazine ring is another pathway found in both aqueous solution and soils, though di †erent bonds on the triazine amine appear to be cleaved in the two systems. Hydroxylation of the benzenesulfonamide moiety is a minor degradation pathway found in soils. Two soils amended with 0É1 and 1É0 mg kg~1 chlorsulfuron showed slight stimulation of nitriÐcation. The 1É0 mg kg~1 concentration of chlorsulfuron resulted in minor stimulation and inhibition of 14C-cellulose and 14C-protein degradation, respectively, in the same soils. Batch equilibrium adsorption studies conducted on four soils showed that adsorption was low in this system 13È54). Soil thin-layer (K oc chromatography of chlorsulfuron and its major degradation products demon-(R f \ 0É55È0É86) strated that the chlorobenzenesulfonamide had slightly less mobility and that the (R f \ 0É34È0É68) triazine amine was much less mobile than chlorsulfuron. In an aged column (R f \ 0É035È0É40) leaching study, subsamples of a Fallsington sandy loam 5É6, OM 1É4%) or a Flanagan silt (pH water loam 6É4, OM 4É0%) were treated with chlorsulfuron, aged moist for 30 days in a glass-(pH water house and then placed upon a prewet column of the same soil type prior to initiation of leaching....

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The SCS/ARS/CES Pesticide Properties Database for Environmental Decision-Making

Cited by 802 publications

References 96 publications

Redox effects on resin extraction of herbicides from soil1

Redox effects on resin extraction of herbicides from soil1

1-Octanol/Water Partition Coefficient (K_ow) and pK_afor Ionisable Pesticides Measured by apH-Metric Method

Fate of chlorsulfuron in the environment. 1. Laboratory evaluations

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The SCS/ARS/CES Pesticide Properties Database for Environmental Decision-Making

Cited by 802 publications

References 96 publications

Redox effects on resin extraction of herbicides from soil1

Redox effects on resin extraction of herbicides from soil1

1-Octanol/Water Partition Coefficient (Kow) and pKafor Ionisable Pesticides Measured by apH-Metric Method

Fate of chlorsulfuron in the environment. 1. Laboratory evaluations

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About

1-Octanol/Water Partition Coefficient (K_ow) and pK_afor Ionisable Pesticides Measured by apH-Metric Method