The screening of rice germplasm, including those transgenic rice lines which accumulate β‐carotene in their polished seeds, for their carotenoid profile

Anthocyanin, Lutein, Polyphenol Contents and Antioxidant Activity of Black, Red and White Pigmented Rice Varieties

“…Normally, the health benefits of pigmented rice varieties are very high but the production and supply are very less for the demand of population needs (Yawadio et al, 2007). Zeazanthin and lutein are the essential non provitamin-A which were present in the eye protection against both infection and disease (Rose, 1999;Tan et al, 2005). With significant health benefits of therapeutic values in rice varieties have been known since from heritage scriptures and experience from the peoples (Siddiq, 2004;Johnson, 2002).…”

Nutritionally Enhanced Staple Food Crops

“…Genotypic differences for b-carotene have also been reported in rice: some germplasm had shown b-carotene in unpolished seeds while others having no b-carotene in unpolished seeds. The rice germplasm with b-carotene in unpolished seeds include Amarillo Cuba, Dudemasino, Sirendah Kuning, Bongkitan, Calibo, Khao Dawk Mali 105, and Klemas (Tan et al 2005). Furthermore, Kandlakunta et al (2008) in a comprehensive study involving major cereals and legumes and commonly consumed vegetables detected high b-carotene in chickpea (15.7 mg g À1 ), green gram (12.8 mg g À1 ), red gram (12.4 mg g À1 ), and maize (17.1 mg g À1 ), while among vegetables, they detected high b-carotene in yellow pumpkin (118 mg g À1 ), green chillies (102 mg g À1 ), field beans (55.4 mg g À1 ), French bean (39.3 mg g À1 ), ridge gourd (32.4 mg g À1 ), green beans (23.9 mg g À1 ), and brinjal (16.9 mg g À1 ).…”

Molecular characterization of marker-free transgenic lines of indica rice that accumulate carotenoids in seed endosperm

“…Lutein, a derivative of a-carotene, provides protection against age-related degeneration of the macula lutea in the retina (Krinsky et al 2003). Although high levels of b-carotene and lutein have been reported in some rice germplasms (Tan et al 2005), these pigments are found mainly in the aleurone layer of the seed, and are removed by polishing, leaving only negligible amounts in the rice grain. Genetic engineering has tremendous potential to overcome malnutrition and vitamin A deficiency (VAD), especially in developing countries.…”