The<scp>U</scp>nited<scp>S</scp>tates' Experience with the Incident Command System: What We Think We Know and What We Need to Know More About

Jensen, Jessica; Waugh, William L.

doi:10.1111/1468-5973.12034

Cited by 53 publications

(54 citation statements)

References 59 publications

(127 reference statements)

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“…One of the most widespread systems for managing large emergency response operations is the Incident Management System (IMS), primarily used in the United States (Buck, Trainor, & Aguirre, ; Jamieson, ; Jensen & Waugh, ). IMS has been attributed several advantages, primarily harmonized procedures, positions and terminology although it has been argued that IMS is not as good as claimed (Buck et al., ; Jensen & Waugh, ; Lindell, Perry, & Prater, ). However, it is the recommended system to use for oil spills internationally by the industry and international organizations (IMO, ; IPIECAOGP, ; Taylor & Lamarche, ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Limitations of the Swedish network coordination of oil spill preparedness

Pålsson

Hildebrand

Lindén

2017

Contingencies & Crisis Mgmt

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The management of extreme crisis situations in Sweden has shown delays in decisive actions at higher levels during emergencies, such as oil spills. This has been blamed on unclear responsibilities that undermine the decision‐making process. Confusing, conflicting, or delayed orders impede response effectiveness. This article uses network analysis and survey responses to examine the Swedish oil spill crisis management network and show the Swedish Coast Guard, Swedish Agency for Marine and Water Management, Swedish Civil Contingencies Agency and Oil Spill Advisory Service as central organizations. However, the roles of these organizations need to be clarified and communicated better to other organizations. In order to improve coordination of Swedish oil spill preparedness, it is suggested to formalize and strengthen the roles of these central organizations. Weak connections between municipalities in different counties were also observed. This weakness could be overcome by more frequent exercises across counties to improve familiarity.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Limitations of the Swedish network coordination of oil spill preparedness

Pålsson

Hildebrand

Lindén

2017

Contingencies & Crisis Mgmt

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“…Boin and ‘t Hart () noted that those whose administrative roles are suddenly reduced through the reallocation of authority within ICS are less likely to actively participate in or enthusiastically comply with direction from crisis command structures (p. 547). Jensen and Waugh () reviewed evidence indicating that the individuals acting under ICS do not necessarily use the system appropriately, even though successful implementation is predicated upon the individuals’ ability to do so. It is true that leaders must adjust to changing structural dynamics, but Schoenberg () also recommended that leaders assume more adaptive capacity in communication, goal‐setting, and information‐acquisition and processing.…”

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Jensen and Waugh () highlighted several vulnerabilities in ICS implementation efficacy related to leadership qualities. Leaders who are respected, confident, adaptive, technically competent, flexible, accountable, and responsible (p. 10) enhance ICS efficacy.…”

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In highlighting the disparity between intended implementation and actual implementation and the factors causing this separation, Jensen and Waugh () called for examination of the personal traits of a leader as an individual. They demonstrated the need for leadership qualities to stretch across multiple levels and agencies, echoing the prescriptions of meta‐leadership–leadership for which “…guidance, direction, and momentum across organizational lines that develops into a shared course of action and a commonality of purpose among people and agencies…” (p. 130) whose work is synergistic but varied and autonomous (Marcus et al, ).…”

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Integrating Brain Science into Crisis Leadership Development

McNulty¹,

Dorn²,

Serino³

et al. 2018

J of Leadership Studies

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Recent advances in neuroscience and psychology research (“brain science”) provide a fruitful avenue for developing approaches to leadership development. Literature on the application of these advances to crisis leadership is sparse, despite significant neurological and psychological dimensions of crisis response scenarios. The current study analyzed the nature of perceived impact of leader behavior on outcomes in crisis management systems such as the Incident Command System (ICS) and National Incident Management System (NIMS), and explored the extent to which brain science principles are integrated into ICS/NIMS training. Analysis of survey data from a sample of 198 crisis leaders revealed that observed leader behaviors was related to ICS/NIMS performance and that typical ICS/NIMS training fails to address the behavioral aspects of crisis leadership. To address the identified deficiency, a training model incorporating brain science into crisis leadership training systems is suggested. Further research is recommended to better determine the impact of incorporating neuroscience and psychology research into formal crisis leadership training and to further evaluate effective measurement and teaching tools.

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“…However, relief organization coordination between local and foreign aid groups has also been a growing research focus (Roberts 2011;Edrissi 2013). Overall, there has been significant research which on certain aspects of disaster relief, however, little research has examined this issue from a systems perspective (Jensen and Waugh 2014).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Critical Systems Thinking on the Inefficiency in Post-Earthquake Relief: A Practice in Longmen Shan Fault Area

Dai

Rao

et al. 2016

Syst Pract Action Res

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The Longmen Shan Fault area is one of the most active seismic zones in the world, has a relatively dense population and a low economic development level. Therefore, the provision of effective post-earthquake relief is very important for saving lives and restricting financial losses. However, providing urgent relief is a complex problem that requires efficient coordination between the organizations, and departments involved, and the specific environments, for the supply of urgent materials, energy and information. In practice, although there are sufficient relief supplies, because of the lack of systemic thinking, relief activities are often chaotic leading to inefficiencies and even increases in the damage and loss of life. In this study, a critical systems thinking approach is used to reflect on the system contexts, boundaries, structures and functions of the emergency relief systems. Using systems modeling we constructed simulations for different relief plans and their consequences, and a work shop of metasynthetic engineering was constructed to integrate the different views, knowledge and contexts. At the practical stage, after the model's validity was verified from the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake data, based on the 2013 Lushan earthquake simulation results, some recommendations are made to improve future post-disaster relief operations. Finally, the significance of critical systems thinking is demonstrated to ensure effective and efficient of post-earthquake relief. Some limitations and future research also have been presented in conclusion.

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TheUnitedStates' Experience with the Incident Command System: What We Think We Know and What We Need to Know More About

Cited by 53 publications

References 59 publications

Limitations of the Swedish network coordination of oil spill preparedness

Limitations of the Swedish network coordination of oil spill preparedness

Integrating Brain Science into Crisis Leadership Development

Critical Systems Thinking on the Inefficiency in Post-Earthquake Relief: A Practice in Longmen Shan Fault Area

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