The <scp>M</scp>edical <scp>R</scp>esearch <scp>C</scp>ouncil (<scp>UK</scp>)/<scp>U</scp>ganda <scp>V</scp>irus <scp>R</scp>esearch <scp>I</scp>nstitute <scp>U</scp>ganda <scp>R</scp>esearch <scp>U</scp>nit on <scp>AIDS</scp> – ‘25 years of research through partnerships’

Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) transmission within endemic areas may vary. KSHV seroprevalence has been studied by different groups of researchers using different methods, making it difficult to make direct comparisons. Here we show results on KSHV seroprevalence using the same laboratory method from four different but geographically proximate populations in Uganda. Blood samples from the urban Entebbe Mother and Baby Study (EMaBS), the rural General Population Cohort (GPC), the fishing community Lake Victoria Island Intervention Study on Worms and Allergy related Diseases (LaVIISWA) and the high-risk sexual behaviour Good Health for Women Project (GHWP), were tested for IgG antibody levels to K8.1 and ORF73 recombinant proteins using ELISA. All adult participants of the EMaBS study and the GHWP were women, while the GPC (54% female) and LaVIISWA (52% female) studies had both males and females. EMaBS children were all 5 years of age while their mothers were 14 to 47 years of age. GHWP women were 15 to 45 years old, LaVIISWA participants were 1 to 72 years old while GPC participants were 1 to 103 years old. KSHV seropositivity varied in the different populations. In children aged 5 years, EMaBS had the lowest prevalence of 15% followed by GPC at 35% and LaVIISWA at 54%. In adult women, seropositivity varied from 69% (EMaBS) to 80% (LaVIISWA) to 87% (GPC) to 90% (GHWP). The reasons for the variation in prevalence are unclear but may reflect differences in the prevalence of cofactors between these four geographically proximate populations.

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“…The General Population Cohort (GPC) is located in southwestern Uganda, in Kyamulibwa sub-county of Kalungu district [ 13 , 21 ] (Fig. 1 ).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Variation in KSHV prevalence between geographically proximate locations in Uganda

Nalwoga

Webb

Muserere

et al. 2020

Infect Agents Cancer

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“…In 2000, the cohort was expanded to cover a further 10 villages, thereby doubling the population. The cohort is dynamic with new births, deaths and migration reported at each round of follow-up, and the [10]. By way of background to the cohort, Table 1 shows socio-demographic variables and HIV serostatus in the cohort population.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A prospective study of trends in consumption of cigarettes and alcohol among adults in a rural Ugandan population cohort, 1994–2011

Asiki

Baisley

Kamali

et al. 2015

Tropical Med Int Health

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Abstractobjectives To characterise trends over time in smoking and alcohol consumption in a rural Ugandan population between 1994 and 2011.methods We used self-reported data from a long-standing population cohort -the General Population Cohort. From 1989 to 1999, the study population comprised about 10 000 residents of 15 adjacent villages. results The reported prevalence of smoking among men was 17% in 1994/1995, 14% in 2008/ 2009 and 16% in 2010/2011; equivalent figures for women were 1.5%, 1% and 2%. In the most recent time period, for both sexes combined, prevalence of smoking increased from 1.5% in those aged <29 years, to 18% in those 50+ years (P < 0.001); prevalence was 14.8% in the lowest tertile of socio-economic status, decreasing to 3.7% in the highest (P < 0.001). For alcohol consumption, current drinking was reported by 39% in 1996/1997, 35% in 2000/2001 and 28% in 2010/2011; men were more likely to drink than women (32.9% vs. 23.5% in 2010/2011) and consumption increased with age (P < 0.001); and was associated with low socio-economic status, riskier sexual behaviour and being HIV positive (P < 0.001).conclusions In this rural Ugandan population, consumption of cigarettes and alcohol is higher among men than women, increases with age and is more frequent among those with low socioeconomic status. We find no evidence of increases in either exposure over time.

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“…Over the years, several research groups have been involved in research aimed at understanding factors associated with HIV-1 transmission, pathogenesis, prevention and vaccine development in Uganda. The Medical Research Council/Uganda Virus Research Institute and London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine Uganda Research Unit (MRC/UVRI & LSHTM) established the General Population Cohort (GPC) in Kalungu District (formerly a part of Masaka District), south-western Uganda to examine the trends in HIV-1 prevalence and incidence, their determinants and pathogenicity [ 15 ]. Data collected between 1990–2010, showed that the HIV-1 incidence in the GPC was generally fluctuating below 1 per 100 PYAR [ 16 ], although new HIV-1 infections continued to emerge in this population [ 2 , 17 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Molecular Epidemiology and Transmission Dynamics of HIV Type 1 in a General Population Cohort in Uganda

Ssemwanga

Bbosa

Nsubuga

et al. 2020

Viruses

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The General Population Cohort (GPC) in south-western Uganda has a low HIV-1 incidence rate (<1%). However, new infections continue to emerge. In this research, 3796 HIV-1 pol sequences (GPC: n = 1418, non-GPC sites: n = 1223, Central Uganda: n = 1010 and Eastern Uganda: n = 145) generated between 2003–2015 were analysed using phylogenetic methods with demographic data to understand HIV-1 transmission in this cohort and inform the epidemic response. HIV-1 subtype A1 was the most prevalent strain in the GPC area (GPC and non-GPC sites) (39.8%), central (45.9%) and eastern (52.4%) Uganda. However, in the GPC alone, subtype D was the predominant subtype (39.1%). Of the 524 transmission clusters identified by Cluster Picker, all large clusters (≥5 individuals, n = 8) involved individuals from the GPC. In a multivariate analysis, clustering was strongly associated with being female (adjusted Odds Ratio, aOR = 1.28; 95% CI, 1.06–1.54), being >25 years (aOR = 1.52; 95% CI, 1.16–2.0) and being a resident in the GPC (aOR = 6.90; 95% CI, 5.22–9.21). Phylogeographic analysis showed significant viral dissemination (Bayes Factor test, BF > 3) from the GPC without significant viral introductions (BF < 3) into the GPC. The findings suggest localized HIV-1 transmission in the GPC. Intensifying geographically focused combination interventions in the GPC would contribute towards controlling HIV-1 infections.

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The Medical Research Council (UK)/Uganda Virus Research Institute Uganda Research Unit on AIDS – ‘25 years of research through partnerships’

Cited by 6 publications

References 87 publications

Variation in KSHV prevalence between geographically proximate locations in Uganda

Variation in KSHV prevalence between geographically proximate locations in Uganda

A prospective study of trends in consumption of cigarettes and alcohol among adults in a rural Ugandan population cohort, 1994–2011

The Molecular Epidemiology and Transmission Dynamics of HIV Type 1 in a General Population Cohort in Uganda

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