The Five‐Factor Model of Personality Disorder and DSM‐5

Abstract

The Five-Factor Model of personality disorders (FFMPD; Widiger & Mullins-Sweatt, ) developed from the recognition that the popular Five-Factor Model (FFM) of personality could be used to describe and understand the official personality disorder (PD) constructs from the American Psychiatric Association's (APA) diagnostic manuals (e.g., DSM-IV-TR, APA, ). This article provides an overview of the FFM, highlighting its validity and utility in characterizing PDs as well as its ability to provide a comprehensive account of personality pathology in general. In 2013, DSM-5 is scheduled to appear, and the "hybrid" PD proposal will emphasize a 25-personality trait model. I present the current version of this new model, compare it to the FFMPD, and discuss issues related to the implementation of the FFMPD.

The Structure and Correlates of Self-ReportedDSM-5Maladaptive Personality Traits: Findings From Two German-Speaking Samples

“…Second, our findings once again support the assumption that the first four DSM-5 domains converge well with the FFM traits Neuroticism, (low) Extraversion, (low) Agreeableness, and (low) Conscientiousness (Trull, 2012). Beyond this broad convergence, three issues seem noteworthy: First, most studies using the PID-5, including our own study, suggest that Psychoticism and Openness are relatively unrelated (Ashton et al, 2012;Markon et al, 2013;Quilty et al, 2013;Watson et al, 2013).…”

“…The congruency coefficients between the factors extracted from the clinicians' trait facet ratings and the original PID-5 factors ranged from .80 to .94, with the exception of Disinhibition showing a congruency as low as .29 (i.e., Antagonism and Disinhibition collapsed into a broader factor with a separate Compulsivity factor then emerging). Second, the PID-5 domains can be broadly conceived of as maladaptive variants of the Five-Factor Model (FFM) traits, although the relationship between Psychoticism and Openness is somewhat less clear (Trull, 2012). Seven out of seven published studies with a total of 2,774 participants give support to the convergent structure of the first four domains, showing highly positive associations between Negative Affectivity and Neuroticism and highly negative associations between Detachment and Extraversion, Antagonism and Agreeableness, and Disinhibition and Conscientiousness (Ashton et al, 2012;de Fruyt et al, 2013;Gore & Widiger, 2013;Markon et al, 2013;Quilty et al, 2013;Thomas et al, 2013;Watson et al, 2013).…”

DSM-5: avances en la clasificación y el diagnóstico de los trastornos mentales

“…En concreto, la nueva definición de los trastornos de personalidad contempla estos trastornos como variantes patológicas de los factores y facetas de este modelo. De manera aná-loga al modelo, se distinguen entre 25 rasgos o facetas, organizados en 5 factores de orden superior, a saber (Trull, 2012): Afectividad negativa (labilidad emocional, ansiedad, ansiedad de separación, perseveración, sumisión, hostilidad, déficit en restringir el afecto, depresión y suspicacia); Esquizotipia (afecto restringido, depresión, suspicacia, aislamiento, anhedonia y evitación de la intimidad); Antagonismo (hostilidad, manipulación, engaño, grandiosidad, búsqueda de atención e insensibilidad/crueldad); Desinhibición (irresponsabilidad, impulsividad, déficit en rigidez perfeccionista, distraibilidad y asunción de riesgos); y Psicoticismo (creencias y experiencias inusuales, excentricidad, y disregulación perceptual y cognitiva).…”

Five-factor model of personality disorders: Spanish normative data and validation

“…A possible dimensional model of PDs is the five-factor model (FFM) of personality (Trull, 2012;Widiger, 2015;Widiger & Costa, 2013;Widiger & Trull, 2007). The FFM traits, in addition to being relatively stable, endogenous and substantially genetic based entities, have explanatory power of personality and behavior (John, Naumann, & Soto, 2008;McCrae & Costa, 1997).…”