The <scp>EU</scp> Court of Justice extends the <scp>GMO</scp> Directive to gene‐edited organisms

Ruffell, Daniela

doi:10.1002/1873-3468.13293

Cited by 8 publications

(6 citation statements)

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“…New technologies such as CRISPR have been used in apple to create mutations in genes. This application of gene editing does not trigger regulation for genetically modified organisms (GMOs) in the US and in some other countries, but it will be subject to the GMO regulatory process in the EU, even if the mutation is identical to one that has occurred naturally in another variety 96 . To accommodate this new technology, experts are challenging the European Commission to review the decision of the European Court of Justice in July 2018 97 .…”

Section: Physiological Roles Of Apple Genes: Discovering What the Genmentioning

confidence: 99%

Apple whole genome sequences: recent advances and new prospects

Peace¹,

Bianco²,

Troggio³

et al. 2019

Hortic Res

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In 2010, a major scientific milestone was achieved for tree fruit crops: publication of the first draft whole genome sequence (WGS) for apple ( Malus domestica ). This WGS, v1.0, was valuable as the initial reference for sequence information, fine mapping, gene discovery, variant discovery, and tool development. A new, high quality apple WGS, GDDH13 v1.1, was released in 2017 and now serves as the reference genome for apple. Over the past decade, these apple WGSs have had an enormous impact on our understanding of apple biological functioning, trait physiology and inheritance, leading to practical applications for improving this highly valued crop. Causal gene identities for phenotypes of fundamental and practical interest can today be discovered much more rapidly. Genome-wide polymorphisms at high genetic resolution are screened efficiently over hundreds to thousands of individuals with new insights into genetic relationships and pedigrees. High-density genetic maps are constructed efficiently and quantitative trait loci for valuable traits are readily associated with positional candidate genes and/or converted into diagnostic tests for breeders. We understand the species, geographical, and genomic origins of domesticated apple more precisely, as well as its relationship to wild relatives. The WGS has turbo-charged application of these classical research steps to crop improvement and drives innovative methods to achieve more durable, environmentally sound, productive, and consumer-desirable apple production. This review includes examples of basic and practical breakthroughs and challenges in using the apple WGSs. Recommendations for “what’s next” focus on necessary upgrades to the genome sequence data pool, as well as for use of the data, to reach new frontiers in genomics-based scientific understanding of apple.

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Section: Physiological Roles Of Apple Genes: Discovering What the Genmentioning

confidence: 99%

Apple whole genome sequences: recent advances and new prospects

Peace¹,

Bianco²,

Troggio³

et al. 2019

Hortic Res

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Notably, the question to know if gene edited organisms (sometimes called new GMOs, including notably CRISPR-generated ones) should be concerned by the GMO regulation received different responses depending on the countries. It was a “no” for the USA, considering that no heterologous sequence was present in the resulting organism (as in the case of a mutagenesis step), but a “yes” for European countries who considered that all organisms generated through genetic engineering are indeed GMOs [ 322 , 323 ]. However, this crucial question still remains presently a matter of societal debate.…”

Section: Conclusion In the Shape Of A Question Mark: What Future For Gmos In Our Societies?mentioning

confidence: 99%

Yarrowia lipolytica Strains and Their Biotechnological Applications: How Natural Biodiversity and Metabolic Engineering Could Contribute to Cell Factories Improvement

Madzak

2021

JoF

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Among non-conventional yeasts of industrial interest, the dimorphic oleaginous yeast Yarrowia lipolytica appears as one of the most attractive for a large range of white biotechnology applications, from heterologous proteins secretion to cell factories process development. The past, present and potential applications of wild-type, traditionally improved or genetically modified Yarrowia lipolytica strains will be resumed, together with the wide array of molecular tools now available to genetically engineer and metabolically remodel this yeast. The present review will also provide a detailed description of Yarrowia lipolytica strains and highlight the natural biodiversity of this yeast, a subject little touched upon in most previous reviews. This work intends to fill this gap by retracing the genealogy of the main Yarrowia lipolytica strains of industrial interest, by illustrating the search for new genetic backgrounds and by providing data about the main publicly available strains in yeast collections worldwide. At last, it will focus on exemplifying how advances in engineering tools can leverage a better biotechnological exploitation of the natural biodiversity of Yarrowia lipolytica and of other yeasts from the Yarrowia clade.

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“…It will also demonstrate how understanding plants as foundational components of the ecosystem helps to predict and mitigate the consequences of climate change, and to be better stewards of the planet. Without these efforts, we fear that growing skepticism about science will impair the ability to aid society with the power of plant research, as apparent in the non-evidence-based regulation of gene editing in the European Union ( Jorasch, 2020 ; Ruffell, 2018 ; Zimny et al, 2019 ).…”

Section: Unlocking Location-to-function: the First Plant Cell Atlas (Pca)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Vision, challenges and opportunities for a Plant Cell Atlas

Jha

Borowsky

Cole

et al. 2021

eLife

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With growing populations and pressing environmental problems, future economies will be increasingly plant-based. Now is the time to reimagine plant science as a critical component of fundamental science, agriculture, environmental stewardship, energy, technology and healthcare. This effort requires a conceptual and technological framework to identify and map all cell types, and to comprehensively annotate the localization and organization of molecules at cellular and tissue levels. This framework, called the Plant Cell Atlas (PCA), will be critical for understanding and engineering plant development, physiology and environmental responses. A workshop was convened to discuss the purpose and utility of such an initiative, resulting in a roadmap that acknowledges the current knowledge gaps and technical challenges, and underscores how the PCA initiative can help to overcome them.

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The EU Court of Justice extends the GMO Directive to gene‐edited organisms

Cited by 8 publications

References 0 publications

Apple whole genome sequences: recent advances and new prospects

Apple whole genome sequences: recent advances and new prospects

Yarrowia lipolytica Strains and Their Biotechnological Applications: How Natural Biodiversity and Metabolic Engineering Could Contribute to Cell Factories Improvement

Vision, challenges and opportunities for a Plant Cell Atlas

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