The CD9⁺CD11b⁻HLA‐DR⁻ immunophenotype can be used to diagnose acute promyelocytic leukemia

Abstract

Objective To investigate the immunophenotypic characteristics of acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) and explore the sensitivity and specificity of various antibody combinations for the timely and accurate diagnosis APL. Methods A retrospective analysis was performed using morphological, immunological, genetic, and molecular biological data from 92 patients diagnosed with APL and 190 controls diagnosed with non‐APL acute myeloid leukemia. Results For APL diagnosis, the CD9/CD11b/human leukocyte antigen (HLA)‐DR antibody combination had 85% sensitivity and 95% specificity, AUC = 0.85. However, the sensitivity and specificity were 39% and 92%, AUC = 0.65, respectively, for the HLA‐DR/CD34/CD117 combination, and 80% and 80%, AUC = 0.80, respectively for the CD11b/HLA‐DR combination. Significant differences were observed between the different antibody combinations. Conclusions The CD9/CD11b/HLA‐DR antibody combination displays high sensitivity and specificity and can be used to diagnose APL.

The diagnostic power of CD117, CD13, CD56, CD64, and MPO in rapid screening acute promyelocytic leukemia

“…By the BMA statistics, we also noted that CD56 contributes signi cantly to APL screening ( Figure 2), which was just mentioned as a low expression marker in the disease compared to other types of AML [11,13,14,[16][17][18][19][20]. Clinically, patients without CD56 expression have a better prognosis compared to others when treated with the ATRA agent [27][28][29][30][31][32].…”

“…Thus, the absence of these antigens in AML cells leading to a similar pattern to APL cells that makes di culties in APL diagnosis. Previous studies have shown the high diagnostic values of cell antigens for APL but with a comparison to an AML control group containing a high percentage of HLA-DR-positive subjects [11][12][13][14][15][16]. Only two studies assessed the diagnostic role of cell antigens for APL in comparison to an HLA-DR-negative AML control group and showed high sensitivity, speci city, and accuracy values (98-100%) [20,21].…”

“…Some immunophenotypic markers as CD34, CD117, HLA-DR, CD13, CD9, CD18, CD2, and CD11a, CD11b might be helpful to guide the APL diagnosis in a fasting method with turnaround time just in two hours [10]. Previous studies have shown that combination some these antigens help to detect APL with high accuracy, sensitivity, and speci city [11][12][13][14][15][16]. In reality, the morphology and immuno-phenotype of APL are different from HLA-DR-positive AML.…”

“…This phenomenon causes APL screening to become much more di cult in clinically. All of the above studies investigated the diagnostic values of ow cytometric antigens that used a control group containing >50% HLA-DR-positive AML patients [11][12][13][14][15][16]. A few reports mentioned the role of these markers in comparison with a similar phenotype control group [20,21].…”

The diagnostic power of CD117, CD13, CD56, CD64, and MPO in rapid screening acute promyelocytic leukemia

“…Some immunophenotypic markers as CD34, CD117, HLA-DR, CD13, CD9, CD18, CD2, and CD11a, CD11b might be helpful to guide the APL diagnosis in a fasting method with turnaround time just in two hours [10]. Previous studies have shown that combination some these antigens help to detect APL with high accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity [11][12][13][14][15][16]. In reality, the morphology and immuno-phenotype of APL are different from HLA-DRpositive AML.…”