The <scp>C</scp>anadian <scp>H</scp>ealthy <scp>I</scp>nfant <scp>L</scp>ongitudinal <scp>D</scp>evelopment Birth Cohort Study: Biological Samples and Biobanking

Moraes, Theo J.; Lefebvre, Diana L.; Chooniedass, Rishma; Becker, Allan B.; Brook, Jeffrey R.; Denburg, Judah A.; HayGlass, Kent T.; Hegele, Richard G.; Kollmann, Tobias R.; Macri, Joseph; Mandhane, Piush J.; Scott, James A.; Subbarao, Padmaja; Takaro, Tim K.; Turvey, Stuart E.; Duncan, Jeffrey; Sears, Malcolm R.; Befus, A. Dean; Investigators, Child Study

doi:10.1111/ppe.12161

Cited by 64 publications

(51 citation statements)

References 6 publications

(4 reference statements)

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“…The Canadian Healthy Infant Longitudinal Development study (CHILD) enrolled 3624 mainly white Caucasian mother–child pairs and most fathers from four Canadian centers (Vancouver, BC; Edmonton, AB; Winnipeg/Winkler-Morden, MB; and Toronto, ON) to investigate the root causes of allergy and asthma, including genetic and environmental triggers, and the ways in which they interact [24–26]. In this analysis, ethnicity refers to groups of people who have certain racial, cultural, religious, or other traits in common, whereas race refers to a person’s physical characteristics, such as bone structure, or skin, hair, or eye color [27, 28].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ethnic and diet-related differences in the healthy infant microbiome

et al. 2017

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BackgroundThe infant gut is rapidly colonized by microorganisms soon after birth, and the composition of the microbiota is dynamic in the first year of life. Although a stable microbiome may not be established until 1 to 3 years after birth, the infant gut microbiota appears to be an important predictor of health outcomes in later life.MethodsWe obtained stool at one year of age from 173 white Caucasian and 182 South Asian infants from two Canadian birth cohorts to gain insight into how maternal and early infancy exposures influence the development of the gut microbiota. We investigated whether the infant gut microbiota differed by ethnicity (referring to groups of people who have certain racial, cultural, religious, or other traits in common) and by breastfeeding status, while accounting for variations in maternal and infant exposures (such as maternal antibiotic use, gestational diabetes, vegetarianism, infant milk diet, time of introduction of solid food, infant birth weight, and weight gain in the first year).ResultsWe demonstrate that ethnicity and infant feeding practices independently influence the infant gut microbiome at 1 year, and that ethnic differences can be mapped to alpha diversity as well as a higher abundance of lactic acid bacteria in South Asians and a higher abundance of genera within the order Clostridiales in white Caucasians.ConclusionsThe infant gut microbiome is influenced by ethnicity and breastfeeding in the first year of life. Ethnic differences in the gut microbiome may reflect maternal/infant dietary differences and whether these differences are associated with future cardiometabolic outcomes can only be determined after prospective follow-up.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13073-017-0421-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ethnic and diet-related differences in the healthy infant microbiome

et al. 2017

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“…Peripheral blood was collected by venipuncture and used for plasma, serum and isolation of PBMC [33]. Briefly, samples were kept at room temperature during transport and prior to processing.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Stability of pro- and anti-inflammatory immune biomarkers for human cohort studies

et al. 2017

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BackgroundAlthough discovery research has identified the importance of dozens of pro- and anti-inflammatory immune mediators in the pathogenesis, maintenance, exacerbation and resolution of inflammatory diseases, most human cohort studies have incorporated few or no immunological intermediate phenotypes in their analyses. Significant hindrances have been (1) the limited panel of biomarkers known to be readily detected in healthy human populations and (2) the stability, hence utility, of such biomarkers to repeated analysis.MethodsThe frequency and stability of 14 plasma biomarkers linked to in vivo immune regulation of allergic and autoimmune inflammatory disorders was determined in 140 healthy pediatric and adult participants. The impact of initial and multiple subsequent freeze/thaw cycles on pro-inflammatory (CCL2, CXCL10, IL-18, TNFα, IL-6), anti-inflammatory (IL-10, sTNF-RII, IL-1Ra), acute phase proteins (CRP, PTX3) and other biomarkers (sST2, IL-1RAcP) was subsequently quantified.ResultsMultiple biomarkers capable of providing an innate immune signature of inflammation were readily detected directly ex vivo in healthy individuals. These biomarker levels were unaffected when comparing paired data sets from freshly obtained, never frozen plasma or serum and matched aliquots despite extensive freeze/thaw cycles. Neither age nor sex affected stability. Similarly, no quantitative differences were found following repetitive analysis of inflammatory biomarkers in culture samples obtained following in vitro stimulation with TLR and RLR ligands.ConclusionsA broad panel of in vivo and ex vivo cytokine, chemokine and acute phase protein biomarkers that have been linked to human chronic inflammatory disorders are readily detected in vivo and remain stable for analysis despite multiple freeze thaw cycles. These data provide the foundation and confidence for large scale analyses of panels of inflammatory biomarkers to provide better understanding of immunological mechanisms underlying health versus disease.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12967-017-1154-3) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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“…Detailed characteristics of the CHILD Study have been previously described (40)(41)(42). Briefly, questionnaires were administered at recruitment, at 36 weeks of gestation, at 3, 6, 12, 18, 24, and 30 months, and at 3, 4, and 5 years.…”

Section: Child Study Design Skin Prick Testing and Sample Selectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Early infancy microbial and metabolic alterations affect risk of childhood asthma

et al. 2015

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Asthma is the most prevalent pediatric chronic disease and affects more than 300 million people worldwide. Recent evidence in mice has identified a "critical window" early in life where gut microbial changes (dysbiosis) are most influential in experimental asthma. However, current research has yet to establish whether these changes precede or are involved in human asthma. We compared the gut microbiota of 319 subjects enrolled in the Canadian Healthy Infant Longitudinal Development (CHILD) Study, and show that infants at risk of asthma exhibited transient gut microbial dysbiosis during the first 100 days of life. The relative abundance of the bacterial genera Lachnospira, Veillonella, Faecalibacterium, and Rothia was significantly decreased in children at risk of asthma. This reduction in bacterial taxa was accompanied by reduced levels of fecal acetate and dysregulation of enterohepatic metabolites. Inoculation of germ-free mice with these four bacterial taxa ameliorated airway inflammation in their adult progeny, demonstrating a causal role of these bacterial taxa in averting asthma development. These results enhance the potential for future microbe-based diagnostics and therapies, potentially in the form of probiotics, to prevent the development of asthma and other related allergic diseases in children.

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The Canadian Healthy Infant Longitudinal Development Birth Cohort Study: Biological Samples and Biobanking

Abstract: The CHILD sample and data repository is a tremendous current and future resource and will provide a wealth of information not only informing studies of asthma and allergy, but also potentially in many other aspects of health relevant for Canadian infants and children.

Cited by 64 publications

References 6 publications

Ethnic and diet-related differences in the healthy infant microbiome

Ethnic and diet-related differences in the healthy infant microbiome

Stability of pro- and anti-inflammatory immune biomarkers for human cohort studies

Early infancy microbial and metabolic alterations affect risk of childhood asthma

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