The <scp>A</scp>natomy of a <scp>P</scp>ipe <scp>B</scp>omb <scp>E</scp>xplosion: <scp>M</scp>easuring the <scp>M</scp>ass and <scp>V</scp>elocity <scp>D</scp>istributions of <scp>C</scp>ontainer <scp>F</scp>ragments

Bors, Dana; Cummins, Josh; Goodpaster, John V.

doi:10.1111/1556-4029.12294

Cited by 13 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…Devices were initiated and experimentally observed using high-speed videography. The results demonstrated a correlation between the type of energetic filler and both the size and velocity of the fragments [23].…”

Section: Basic Considerationsmentioning

confidence: 85%

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Influence of time on bond characteristics between extruded PVC tube and cast HTPB/IPDI rocket propellant

Radulović¹,

Milojković²

2017

Sci Tech Rev

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This paper is dealing about the possibility of using thermoplastic material as an inhibitor for solid composite propellant in a long period of time. A basic point in this consideration is an analysis of bond characteristics between the extruded PVC tube and cast HTPB/IPDI rocket propellant examined immediately after the production of samples and after a long period of storage. Structure of poly(vinyl chloride), extrusion technology, hydroxy-terminated polybutadiene and casting technology are presented. Tested characteristics of samples of the extruded PVC tube-cast HTPB/IPDI propellant were bond strength and visual appearance of separated parts. Determination of the bond strength and visual appearance of samples were done at 20 o C and 50 o C. These characteristics of the extruded PVC tube-cast HTPB/IPDI propellant bond were determined at freshly prepared samples and at samples after five years of storage in warehouse conditions, at both above stated temperatures.

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Section: Basic Considerationsmentioning

confidence: 85%

“…In other paper [23], same authors investigated devices composed of various pipe materials (PVC, black steel, and galvanized steel) filled with two different propellants (Pyrodex specific black powder and low energetic smokeless Alliant Red Dot powder). Devices were initiated and experimentally observed using high-speed videography.…”

Section: Basic Considerationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of time on bond characteristics between extruded PVC tube and cast HTPB/IPDI rocket propellant

Radulović¹,

Milojković²

2017

Sci Tech Rev

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“…Our research group has a long-standing interest in simple IEDs such as pipe bombs. This includes studies of pipe bomb explosions using high speed videography [11,12], chemical analysis of post-blast residues on pipe bomb fragments [13], and quantitation of explosive residues on witness plates placed immediately adjacent to a pipe bomb [14]. The technique that has been used for all of these studies is Total Vaporization Solid Phase Microextraction Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry (TV-the vapor is then sampled using SPME.…”

Section: Abstract: Forensic Science Explosives Pipe Bomb Spmementioning

confidence: 99%

“…The pipe body corresponds to the location where PVC devices first begin to fail [11,12]. This paper focusses on PVC pipe bomb fragments, which have yet to be studied.…”

Section: Abstract: Forensic Science Explosives Pipe Bomb Spmementioning

confidence: 99%

Mapping smokeless powder residue on PVC pipe bomb fragments using total vaporization solid phase microextraction

Bors

Goodpaster

2017

Forensic Science International

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Quantitating post-blast explosive residue is not a common practice in crime labs as it is typically not legally relevant. There is value in quantitation, however, if the distribution of residues on Improvised Explosive Devices (IEDs) can help guide future sample collection and/or method development. Total vaporization solid phase microextraction gas chromatography mass spectrometry (TV-SPME/GC/MS) was used to quantify residues of double-base smokeless powder (DBSP), which includes nitroglycerin (NG), diphenylamine (DPA), and ethyl centralite (EC) on post-blast PVC pipe bomb fragments. The analytical method could separate the three constituents in under 5min with a detection limit under 1ppb, which demonstrates high throughput while maintaining high sensitivity. The method was optimized for nitroglycerin, as it is the most indicative of DBSP. The average mass of nitroglycerin recovered from an entire PVC device was 1.0mg. The average mass of diphenylamine recovered was much lower (24μg) and only one device had detectable levels of EC. The typical concentration of NG on any given fragment was approximately 15-30ppm (μg NG/g fragment). However, there was no correlation between the mass of a fragment and the mass of residue upon it. Instead, the residue was distributed such that the highest concentration of residues was found on end cap fragments.

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“…High speed video footage of pipe bomb explosions has shown that steel devices rupture rst at one of their end caps. 32,33 Therefore, the end cap regions of a pipe bomb may inherently capture and/or shield the explosives residue from the heat of the blast regardless of how the device container initially fails. This trend will need to be further conrmed in additional devices.…”

Section: Analysis Of Pipe Bomb Fragmentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mapping explosive residues on galvanized pipe bomb fragments using total vaporization solid phase microextraction (TV-SPME)

Bors

Goodpaster

2015

Anal. Methods

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Solid phase microextraction (SPME) is a popular sampling technique whereby analytes are sorbed to a coated fiber and subsequently desorbed into an analytical instrument. In headspace SPME, analytes partition between the sample, the headspace above the sample, and the SPME fiber coating. In total vaporization SPME (TV-SPME), sample extracts are heated until both the solvent and analytes completely vaporize, whereupon the analytes partition between the vapor phase and the SPME fiber. In this study, TV-SPME using a polyethylene glycol fiber was coupled with fast gas chromatography/mass spectrometry to identify components of double-base smokeless powder (DBSP). Nitroglycerin (NG), diphenylamine (DPA) and ethyl centralite (EC) were separated in under 5 min. For NG, the optimal sample volume (70 mL), extraction temperature (60 C) and extraction time (20 min) resulted in a method that was over twelve fold more sensitive than traditional liquid injection and with a detection limit below 1 ppb. This method was then used to quantify DBSP residue on post-blast debris from five galvanized steel pipe bombs. The mean concentration of NG on the fragments was 0.25 ppm (w/w). An average of 1.01 mg of NG was recovered from the devices. Finally, the distribution of NG could be "mapped" by tracking the original locations of each fragment within the device. These maps showed that the distribution of NG was far from uniform. In fact, the concentration of the NG on fragments originating from the end caps was several fold higher than in other locations. This finding can help guide the selection of bomb fragments for chemical analyses in real-world scenarios.

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The Anatomy of a Pipe Bomb Explosion: Measuring the Mass and Velocity Distributions of Container Fragments

Cited by 13 publications

References 11 publications

Influence of time on bond characteristics between extruded PVC tube and cast HTPB/IPDI rocket propellant

Influence of time on bond characteristics between extruded PVC tube and cast HTPB/IPDI rocket propellant

Mapping smokeless powder residue on PVC pipe bomb fragments using total vaporization solid phase microextraction

Mapping explosive residues on galvanized pipe bomb fragments using total vaporization solid phase microextraction (TV-SPME)

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