The scoping review: A flexible, inclusive, and iterative approach to knowledge synthesis

Gottlieb, Michael; Haas, Mary R.; Daniel, Michelle; Chan, Teresa M.

doi:10.1002/aet2.10609

Cited by 14 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 18 publications

(37 reference statements)

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“…We followed best practice guidelines consistent with expert recommendations and the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for scoping reviews. [8][9][10][11][12]…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Education Value Units in Medical Education: A Scoping Review

Gottlieb

Regan

Jordan³

et al. 2022

Academic Medicine

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Purpose On the basis of the tripartite mission of patient care, research, and education, a need has arisen to better support faculty in non-revenue-generating activities, such as education. As a result, some programs have developed education value unit (EVU) systems to incentivize these activities. The purpose of this scoping review is to analyze the existing literature on EVUs to identify current structures and future directions for research. Method The authors conducted a literature search of 5 databases without restrictions, searching for any articles on EVU systems published from database inception to January 12, 2022. Two authors independently screened articles for inclusion. Two authors independently extracted data and all authors performed quantitative and qualitative synthesis, consistent with best practice recommendations for scoping reviews. Results Fifty-eight articles were included. The most common rationale was to incentivize activities prioritized by the department or institution. Of those reporting funding, departmental revenue was most common. The majority of EVU systems were created using a dedicated committee, although composition of the committees varied. Stakeholder engagement was a key component for EVU system development. Most EVU systems also included noneducational activities, such as clinical activities, scholarship activities, administrative or leadership activities, and citizenship. Incentive models varied widely but typically involved numeric- or time-based quantification. EVUs were generally seen as positive, having increased equity and transparency as well as a positive impact on departmental metrics. Conclusions This scoping review summarizes the existing literature on EVU systems, providing valuable insights for application to practice and areas for future research.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Education Value Units in Medical Education: A Scoping Review

Gottlieb

Regan

Jordan³

et al. 2022

Academic Medicine

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“…Since the literature on virtual NGTs is relatively new and poorly defined, a scoping review provides an appropriate method to explore and describe the breadth of knowledge related to the topic of interest. It will allow the research team to map the literature, identify key concepts, gaps in the literature and types and sources of evidence [18,19]. Thus, a scoping review using the Arksey and O'Malley framework [20] has been initiated and will follow the PRISMA-ScR checklist for reporting Scoping Reviews [21] (See S1 File).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Protocol for an extended scoping review on the use of virtual nominal group technique in research

et al. 2023

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Introduction Consensus group methods such as the Nominal Group Technique (NGT) and Delphi method are commonly used in research to elicit and synthesize expert opinions when evidence is lacking. Traditionally, the NGT involves a face-to-face interaction. However, due to the COVID-19 pandemic, many in-person meetings have moved to online settings. It is unclear to what extent the NGT has been undertaken in virtual settings. The overarching aim of this scoping review is to explore the use of the virtual NGT in research. Our specific objectives are to answer the following questions: To what extent has the NGT been used virtually? What modifications were made to accommodate this online format? What advantages and disadvantages were noted by authors in comparison with the face-to-face mode of the technique? Materials and methods This scoping review will follow the steps outlined by Arksey and O’Malley and the PRISMA-ScR guidelines. Several pilot searches were completed to refine inclusion and exclusion criteria. Media Synchronicity Theory will provide a conceptual framework to inform the research, including data extraction and summarizing results. As an additional extension to the literature review, online interviews with corresponding authors will be conducted to gather further information.

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“…We followed accepted methods for scoping reviews and used an iterative process to define research questions, extract data and summarise results. [10][11][12] We report the review as per accepted guidelines. 13 We included observational studies reporting any demographic, premorbid and injury-related factors, or biomarker risk factors for adverse outcomes 3 months or longer after mTBI in children under 18 years.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Factors related to adverse long-term outcomes after mild traumatic brain injury in children: a scoping review

et al. 2023

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ObjectiveTo identify demographic, premorbid and injury-related factors, or biomarkers associated with long-term (≥3 months) adverse outcomes in children after mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI).DesignScoping review of literature.PatientsChildren and adolescents with mTBI.Risk factorsAny demographic, premorbid and injury-related factors, or biomarkers were included. We excluded genetic and treatment-related factors.Main outcome measuresPostconcussion syndrome (PCS), recovery.ResultsSeventy-three publications were included, reporting 12 long-term adverse outcomes, including PCS in 12 studies and recovery in 29 studies. Additional outcomes studied were symptom scores/severity (n=22), quality of life (n=9) and cognitive function (n=9). Forty-nine risk factors were identified across studies. Risk factors most often assessed were sex (n=28), followed by age (n=23), injury mechanism = (n=22) and prior mTBI (n=18). The influence of these and other risk factors on outcomes of mTBI were inconsistent across the reviewed literature.ConclusionsThe most researched risk factors are sex, age and mechanism of injury, but their effects have been estimated inconsistently and did not show a clear pattern. The most studied outcomes are recovery patterns and symptom severity. However, these may not be the most important outcomes for clinicians and patients. Future primary studies in this area should focus on patient-important outcomes. Population-based prospective studies are needed that address prespecified hypotheses on the relationship of risk factors with given outcomes to enable reliable prediction of long-term adverse outcomes for childhood mTBI.

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The scoping review: A flexible, inclusive, and iterative approach to knowledge synthesis

Cited by 14 publications

References 18 publications

Education Value Units in Medical Education: A Scoping Review

Education Value Units in Medical Education: A Scoping Review

Protocol for an extended scoping review on the use of virtual nominal group technique in research

Factors related to adverse long-term outcomes after mild traumatic brain injury in children: a scoping review

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