The scope for better industry representation in long-term energy models: Modeling the cement industry

Kermeli, Katerina; Edelenbosch, Oreane Y.; Crijns-Graus, Wina; Ruijven, Bas van; Mima, Silvana; Vuuren, Detlef P. van; Worrell, Ernst

doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2019.01.252

Cited by 73 publications

(37 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…A typical well-equipped plant consumes about 4 GJ of energy to produce one ton of cement, while the cement production in the world is about 3.6 billion tons per year [2]. It was estimated that the cement manufacturing process consumes around 7% of industrial energy consumption, which, in turn, accounts for 30-40% of the global energy consumption [3].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Technological Energy Efficiency Improvements in Cement Industries

et al. 2021

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The cement industry is highly energy-intensive, consuming approximately 7% of global industrial energy consumption each year. Improving production technology is a good strategy to reduce the energy needs of a cement plant. The market offers a wide variety of alternative solutions; besides, the literature already provides reviews of opportunities to improve energy efficiency in a cement plant. However, the technology is constantly developing, so the available alternatives may change within a few years. To keep the knowledge updated, investigating the current attractiveness of each solution is pivotal to analyze real companies. This article aims at describing the recent application in the Italian cement industry and the future perspectives of technologies. A sample of plant was investigated through the analysis of mandatory energy audit considering the type of interventions they have recently implemented, or they intend to implement. The outcome is a descriptive analysis, useful for companies willing to improve their sustainability. Results prove that solutions to reduce the energy consumption of auxiliary systems such as compressors, engines, and pumps are currently the most attractive opportunities. Moreover, the results prove that consulting sector experts enables the collection of updated ideas for improving technologies, thus giving valuable inputs to the scientific research.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Technological Energy Efficiency Improvements in Cement Industries

et al. 2021

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“…Portland cement is the most widely used binder in the construction industry. On the other hand, Portland cement consumption has been discussed for many years due to approximately 1.5 billion tons of CO2 emission per year and 36% of global energy consumption (Andrew 2018;Kermeli et al 2019).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigation of high temperature effects in different mineral additive light

Dündar

Çinar

2021

Turkish Journal of Engineering

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In this study, physical and mechanical properties of light mortars produced with Fly Ash (FA) contributed pumice aggregates, Colemanite (K), Blast Furnace Slag (BFS), Marble powder (MP) were investigated under high temperature. Mortar samples were produced in the dimensions of 40x40x160 mm. At the preparation of mortars, pumice (0-4mm) as a fine aggregate and CEM I 42.5R Portland Cement were replaced with. 1%, 2% and 3% by weight of K respectively and 10%, 20% and 30% of YFC, MT and UK were replaced with cement in light mortars mixture. The produced mortar samples were removed from the mold after 24-hour setting and subjected to a cure at a temperature of 20±2°C in the standard cure pool for 28 days. The flexural and compressive strength of the mortar samples filling the 7th day were determined. Physical properties such as water absorption, porosity and unit volume weight of 28 days cured mortars were determined and flexural and compressive strengths were calculated. At the end of 28th day samples, which were reached its final strength, were exposed to 200 ⁰C, 400 ⁰C, 600 ⁰C and 800 ⁰C heats in High Temperature Oven. It is observed that with increasing temperature, weight loss increases, flexural and compressive strengths decrease in all samples. With the use of mineral additives, it was observed that both the weight losses and the losses in flexural and compressive strengths decreased and the mortars became more resistant to temperature.

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“…Year by year, cement consumption goes up and now is responsible for more than 1.5 billion tonnes of CO2 emission annually or, in other words, 5 to 8% of global CO2 emissions. This due to limestone decomposition to generate reactive calcium silicate and aluminate phases [1]- [4]. By using alkaliactivated materials, environmental benefits are gained in two ways.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Plain and Pva Fibre-Reinforced Geopolymer Compact Tension Specimen Critical Area Surface Composition Assessment

Gailitis

Sprince

Pakrastiņš

et al. 2021

ETR

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For more than 40 years, low calcium alkali-activated cement composite, or in other words, geopolymer, has been around. In recent years there has been increased interest in this material and its properties. It is mainly due to the claim that geopolymer is the cement of the future. This claim is based on environmental factors. For instance, the CO2 emissions for geopolymer binder can be up to 6 less than for Portland cement binder. Most of the researches regarding geopolymer composite properties examine only mechanical and long-term properties in compression. There has been a lack of long-term tests in tension due to difficulties in performing them. As the tensile stresses are an essential part of structure assessment, it is necessary to evaluate new material properties as thoroughly as possible. Due to the nature of geopolymer specimen hardening (polymerisation), there is a difference in modulus of elasticity development and shrinkage caused by binding that could have factors that regular Portland cement specimens do not.This article aims to evaluate the surface composition of plain and 1% PVA reinforced geopolymer compact tension specimens that have been subjected to creep and shrinkage tests. Specimen cross-section images were acquired using the scanning electron microscope (SEM). Using the quantitative image analysis method, amounts of cross-section composition elements are determined. Furthermore, the amount of cracks is determined and compared between plain and PVA fiber-reinforced specimens.It has been determined that even though 1% of PVA fibre-reinforced specimens have lower tensile strength, their creep and shrinkage strains are lower, and the number of microcracks at the notch base of the specimen. Still, it has to be acknowledged that the amount of air voids in all analysed specimens is relatively high.

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The scope for better industry representation in long-term energy models: Modeling the cement industry

Cited by 73 publications

References 27 publications

Technological Energy Efficiency Improvements in Cement Industries

Technological Energy Efficiency Improvements in Cement Industries

Investigation of high temperature effects in different mineral additive light

Plain and Pva Fibre-Reinforced Geopolymer Compact Tension Specimen Critical Area Surface Composition Assessment

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