The Scientific Methods of Recording and Documenting Archaeological Artifacts: An Analytical Study of Some Examples from the Album of Al-Aqsa Mosque - Jerusalem

Abstract

This research paper examines the scientific methods used in recording and documenting archaeological artifacts, with a specific focus on a selected group of artifacts from the Album of Al-Aqsa Mosque in Jerusalem. The study employs a multi-faceted approach that includes historical and archaeological documentation, photographic documentation, visual inspection, and advanced imaging techniques, including multispectral imaging using infrared and ultraviolet radiation, visible and polarized light microscopy, as well as scanning electron microscopy. Additionally, analytical methods such as energydispersive X-ray analysis (EDAX) and X-ray diffraction analysis are utilized, along with infrared spectroscopy, to identify components of photographic images and the technologies and techniques used in their execution. This research aims to identify the layers of photographic images, especially nonvisible or subsurface layers, including the number of layers and the techniques used in image execution, as well as the factors contributing to the deterioration of the preservation state of these samples. Through the use of these methods, this study also seeks to shed light on the material composition and preservation challenges of photographic artifacts from the Album of Al-Aqsa Mosque, and the results of this research contribute to understanding archaeological methods and provide insights into restoration and preservation of cultural heritage.