The Scientific Character of Geology

Bemmelen, R.W. Van

doi:10.1086/626761

Cited by 101 publications

(92 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…According to previous studies (Lehman, 1936;van Bemmelen, 1949;Wiyono, 1992;Surono, 2005), the depositional process of the Baturetno Formation was related to the Late Pliocene tectonic uplift in Southern Java. Lehman (1936), van Bemmelen (1949, and Surono (2005) hypothesized that the Bengawan Solo River once flowed from its upper course in the north area and emptied into the Sadeng Beach area (Figure 1) in the Indian Ocean.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 87%

“…The Baturetno Formation occupying the Baturetno Basin is situated in the northern part of the Southern Mountain physiographic region of Java, and is part of the Solo Depression Zone (van Bemmelen, 1949;Surono et al, 2013, Figure 1). The sedimentary deposits of the Baturetno Formation consist of sand, gravel, and clay (dominated by black clay).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Sedimentological and Micropaleontological Characteristics of the Black Clay Deposit of the Baturetno Formation, Wonogiri, Central Java

Putra

Yulianto

2016

Indonesian J. Geosci.

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-A previous research on black clay of the Baturetno Formation identified that this clay was a palaeolake deposit. In this study, the black clay deposit was characterized by using sedimentological and micropaleontological approaches to reveal its origin. The black clay of the Baturetno Formation has a low organic matter (mostly less than 8%) and almost no pollen content. These characteristics are not representative of a lake deposit. This black clay was suggested a mud flow deposit. This conclusion is supported by the occurrence of dispersed rock fragments in the clay deposit. In addition, the previous research has identified that the formation of a palaeolake was related to the Late Pliocene tilting in South Java. The carbon dating indicates that the deposition of this clay has no relationship to the Late Pliocene tilting in South Java as the age of this clay was determined to be much younger (around 7000 BP; early Holocene).

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 87%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sedimentological and Micropaleontological Characteristics of the Black Clay Deposit of the Baturetno Formation, Wonogiri, Central Java

Putra

Yulianto

2016

Indonesian J. Geosci.

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“…Based on (Bemmelen, 1949) classification, research area located on lowlands and undulating zone (orange square).…”

Section: Physiographymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…3. Physiography zone of Sumatra (Bemmelen, 1949). Muara Enim Formation is coal-bearing formation in South Sumatra Basin.…”

Section: Regional Stratigraphymentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of Coal Quality Based On Ash Content From M2 Coal-Seam Group, Muara Enim Formation, South Sumatra Basin

Nasution

Nalendra

2017

J. Geoscience Eng. Environ. Technol.

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Muara Enim Formation is well known as coal-bearing formation in South Sumatra Basin. As coal-bearing formation, this formation was subjects of many integrated study. Muara Enim Formation can be divided into four coal-seam group, M1, M2, M3, and M4. The M2 group comprising of Petai (C), Suban (B), Lower Mangus (A2), and Upper Mangus (A1). Depositional environments of Group M2 is transitional lower delta plain with sub-depositional are crevasse splay and distributary channel. The differentiation of both sub-depositional environments can be caused the quality of coal deposit. One of quality aspects is ash content. This research conducted hopefully can give better understanding of relationship between depositional environments to ash content. Group M2 on research area were found only Seam C, Seam B, and Seam A2, that has distribution from north to central so long as 1400 m. Coal-seam thickness C ranged between 3.25-9.25 m, Seam B range 7.54-13.43 m, and Seam C range 1.53-8.37 m, where all of coal-seams thickening on the central part and thinningsplitting to northern part and southern part. The ash content is formed from burning coal residue material. Ash contents on coal seam caused by organic and inorganic compound which resulted from mixing modified material on surrounded when transportation, sedimentation, and coalification process. There are 27 sample, consists of 9 sample from Seam C, 8 sample from Seam B, and 10 sample from Seam A2. Space grid of sampling is 100-150 m. Ash content influenced by many factors, but in research area, main factor is existence of inorganic parting. Average ash content of Seam C is 6,04%, Seam B is 5,05%, and Seam A2 is 3,8%. Low ash content influenced by settle environment with minor detrital material. High ash content caused by oxidation and erosional process when coalification process. Ash content on coal in research area originated from detritus material carried by channel system into brackish area or originated from higher plant in brackish area. The high ash content also can be caused by after the coal deposited. It had originated from overburden horizon which infill in cleat of coal seam.

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“…Merapi produces materials at a high rate, estimated at about 6.4 million m3 per year averaged over the last 120 years (Nossin J.J. and Voute C., 1986;van Bemmelen, 1949). The Kali Progo river runs along the boundary between the two different geological formations.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%