The Science, Technology, and Implementation of TiAl Alloys in Commercial Aircraft Engines

Bewlay, B. P.; Weimer, M.; Kelly, Tom; Suzuki, Akihito; Subramanian, P. R.

doi:10.1557/opl.2013.44

Cited by 211 publications

(95 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…84 Conventional processing of titanium aluminides is very complicated and represents the main obstacle for a more widespread application of this class of materials. In International Materials Reviews 2016 VOL 61 NO 5 addition, the properties of γ-TiAl alloys are strongly dependent on their microstructure which can be designed by an appropriate process control and heat treatment.…”

Section: Titanium Aluminidesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Additive manufacturing of metallic components by selective electron beam melting — a review

Körner

2016

International Materials Reviews

784

356

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Selective electron beam melting (SEBM) belongs to the additive manufacturing technologies which are believed to revolutionise future industrial production. Starting from computer-aided designed data, components are built layer by layer within a powder bed by selectively melting the powder with a high power electron beam. In contrast to selective laser melting (SLM), which can be used for metals, polymers and ceramics, the application field of the electron beam is restricted to metallic components since electric conductivity is required. On the other hand, the electron beam works under vacuum conditions, can be moved at extremely high velocities and a high beam power is available. These features make SEBM especially interesting for the processing of high-performance alloys. The present review describes SEBM with special focus on the relationship between process characteristics, material consolidation and the resulting materials and component properties.

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Section: Titanium Aluminidesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Additive manufacturing of metallic components by selective electron beam melting — a review

Körner

2016

International Materials Reviews

784

356

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“…Recently, γ-TiAl alloys are introduced as low pressure turbine blade material in civil aircraft engines [2] and first research activities were already started to introduce γ-TiAl powders in PM productions techniques [3,4,5]. We characterised the microstructure of different powder particle size fractions of several alloy compositions by advanced microscopy and diffraction methods.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microstructure of gas atomised γ-TiAl based alloy powders

et al. 2017

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Due to the rapid development of advanced additive manufacturing production routes in recent years, the demand of high-quality alloy powders is significantly increased. We studied gas-atomised spherical powders of several Nb-bearing γ-TiAl based alloys, Ti-45Al-10Nb and Ti-45Al-5Nb-xC in at.% (x = 0, 0.5, 0.75, and 1), which were produced using the plasma melting induction guided gas atomization (PIGA) technique. The phase constitution of different powder fractions was determined by synchrotron high-energy X-ray diffraction at the HEMS beamline DESY (Germany), as well as by SEM, EDX and EBSD measurements. Due to the high cooling rates in the range of 10 5 K/s, the powder particles mainly consist of hexagonal close packed α-Ti(Al) and body centred cubic β-Ti(Al)-phase. As the cooling rate depends on the particle size, considerable amounts of the β-phase were only found in the small powder fractions (< 45 µm). The total β-phase amount was generally higher in the alloy with a higher Nb content, and also the effect of carbon as a α 2 -stabilizer was observed. Dendritic cauliflower-like structures are more pronounced in bigger powder particles due to the slower solidification and thus a higher Nb depletion in the remaining melt.

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“…They have, for example, similar high temperature strength and creep resistance to the currently used Ni base superalloys but only half of their density [1]. One recent, first industrial application of TiAl alloys is as low pressure turbine blade material in civil aircraft engines at service temperatures up to about 700 °C [2]. Great efforts are made to develop a suitable hot forming processes, e.g., forging routes, for serial production of TiAl parts [3][4][5][6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

In Situ High-Energy X-ray Diffraction during Hot-Forming of a Multiphase TiAl Alloy

Stark

Rackel

Tankoua

et al. 2015

Metals

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Intermetallic γ-TiAl based alloys exhibit excellent high-temperature strength combined with low density. This makes them ideal candidates for replacing the twice as dense Ni base super-alloys, currently used in the medium temperature range (~700 °C ) of industrial and aviation gas turbines. An important step towards the serial production of TiAl parts is the development of suitable hot-forming processes. Thermo-mechanical treatments often result in mechanical anisotropy due to the formation of crystallographic textures. However, with conventional texture analysis techniques, their formation can only be studied after processing. In this study, in situ high-energy X-ray diffraction measurements with synchrotron radiation were performed during hot-forming. Thus, it was possible to record the evolution of the phase constitution as well as the formation of crystallographic texture of different phases directly during processing. Several process temperatures (1100 °C to 1300 °C ) and deformation rates were investigated. Based on these experiments, a process window can be recommended which results in the formation of an optimal reduced texture. OPEN ACCESSMetals 2015, 5 2253

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The Science, Technology, and Implementation of TiAl Alloys in Commercial Aircraft Engines

Cited by 211 publications

References 11 publications

Additive manufacturing of metallic components by selective electron beam melting — a review

Additive manufacturing of metallic components by selective electron beam melting — a review

Microstructure of gas atomised γ-TiAl based alloy powders

In Situ High-Energy X-ray Diffraction during Hot-Forming of a Multiphase TiAl Alloy

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