The science and practice of river restoration

Wohl, Ellen; Lane, Stuart N.; Wilcox, Andrew C.

doi:10.1002/2014wr016874

Cited by 514 publications

(385 citation statements)

References 245 publications

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“…Insight into how different riverbank vegetation densities influence flow hydrodynamics has practical implications for applied river management, including managing vegetation to convey flood flows and the design and adaptive management of river restoration schemes [39][40][41]. With respect to the latter, there is increased recognition that interactions and feedback between vegetation, water flow and sediment dynamics, control channel and floodplain form and dynamics [1,42].…”

Section: Interactions Between Riparian Vegetation and Hydrogeomorphologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Flow Hydrodynamics across Open Channel Flows with Riparian Zones: Implications for Riverbank Stability

Valyrakis

Williams

2017

Water

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Riverbank vegetation is of high importance both for preserving the form (morphology) and function (ecology) of natural river systems. Revegetation of riverbanks is commonly used as a means of stream rehabilitation and management of bank instability and erosion. In this experimental study, the effect of different riverbank vegetation densities on flow hydrodynamics across the channel, including the riparian zone, are reported and discussed. The configuration of vegetation elements follows either linear or staggered arrangements as vegetation density is progressively increased, within a representative range of vegetation densities found in nature. Hydrodynamic measurements including mean streamwise velocity and turbulent intensity flow profiles are recorded via acoustic Doppler velocimetry (ADV)-both at the main channel and within the riverbank. These results show that for the main channel and the toe of riverbank, turbulence intensity for the low densities (λ ≈ 0 to 0.12 m −1 ) can increase up to 40% compared the case of high densities (λ = 0.94 to 1.9 m −1 ). Further analysis of these data allowed the estimation of bed-shear stresses, demonstrating 86% and 71% increase at the main channel and near the toe region, for increasing densities (λ = 0 to 1.9 m −1 ). Quantifying these hydrodynamic effects is important for assessing the contribution of physically representative ranges of riparian vegetation densities on hydrogeomorphologic feedback.

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Section: Interactions Between Riparian Vegetation and Hydrogeomorphologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Flow Hydrodynamics across Open Channel Flows with Riparian Zones: Implications for Riverbank Stability

Valyrakis

Williams

2017

Water

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“…Rehabilitation of stream ecosystem function and biodiversity often requires reversal of the impacts of multiple stressors (Palmer et al 2005;Bernhardt and Palmer 2007;Fullerton et al 2010;Wohl et al 2015). For example, improvements in water quality and physical habitat diversity, and reinstatement of more natural hydraulic connectivity may be needed to support a more abundant and diverse fish assemblage (Van Dijk et al 1995;Bernhardt and Palmer 2007).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluating the effectiveness of restoring longitudinal connectivity for stream fish communities: towards a more holistic approach

Tummers

Hudson

Lucas

2016

Science of The Total Environment

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. (2016) 'Evaluating the eectiveness of restoring longitudinal connectivity for stream sh communities : towards a more holistic approach.', Science of the total environment., 569-570 . pp. 850-860. Further information on publisher's website: Use policyThe full-text may be used and/or reproduced, and given to third parties in any format or medium, without prior permission or charge, for personal research or study, educational, or not-for-prot purposes provided that:• a full bibliographic reference is made to the original source • a link is made to the metadata record in DRO • the full-text is not changed in any way The full-text must not be sold in any format or medium without the formal permission of the copyright holders.Please consult the full DRO policy for further details. AbstractA more holistic approach towards testing longitudinal connectivity restoration is needed in order to establish that intended ecological functions are achieved. We illustrate the use of a multi-method scheme to evaluate the effectiveness of 'nature-like' connectivity restoration for stream fish communities in the River Deerness, NE England. Electric-fishing, capture-mark-recapture, PIT telemetry and radio-telemetry were used to measure fish community composition, dispersal, fishway efficiency and upstream migration respectively. For measuring passage and dispersal, our rationale was to evaluate a wide size range of strong swimmers (exemplified by brown trout Salmo trutta) and weak swimmers (exemplified by bullhead Cottus perifretum) in situ in the stream ecosystem. Radiotracking of adult trout during the spawning migration showed that passage efficiency at each of five connectivity-restored sites was 81.3-100%. Unaltered (experimental control) structures on the migration route had a bottle-neck effect on upstream migration, especially during low flows.However, even during low flows, displaced PIT tagged juvenile trout (total n = 153) exhibited a passage efficiency of 70.1-93.1% at two nature-like passes. In mark-recapture experiments juvenile brown trout and bullhead tagged (total n = 5303) succeeded in dispersing upstream more often at most structures following obstacle modification, but not at the two control sites, based on a Laplace kernel modelling approach of observed dispersal distance and barrier traverses. Short-term post-restoration data (2-3 years) showed that the fish assemblage remained similar at five of six connectivity-restored sites and two control sites, but at one connectivity-restored headwater site previously inhabited by trout only, three native non-salmonid species colonised. We conclude that stream habitat reconnection should support free movement of a wide range of species and life stages, wherever retention of such obstacles is not needed to manage non-native invasive species. Evaluation of the effectiveness of fish community restoration in degraded streams benefits from a similarly holistic approach.

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“…dams, levees, canals) that significantly alter river processes (Wohl et al, 2015). Globally these societal pressures are most apparent in urban areas that are undergoing rapid development (Seto et al, 2011) and an expected 60% increase in population (4 to 6 billion) by 2050 (United Nations, 2015).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Flood modeling can make a difference: Disaster risk-reduction and resilience-building in urban areas

Ramı́rez

Rajasekar²,

Patel

et al. 2016

Preprint

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Abstract. Surat, India is a coastal city with a population of approximately 4.5 million people that lies on the banks of the river 10Tapi and is located 100 km downstream from the Ukai dam. Given Surat's geographic location the city is repeatedly exposed to flooding caused by large emergency dam releases into the Tapi river combined with high tide water levels. Flood events of this type occur twice a decade, but their frequency and magnitude may increase due to the urbanization, encroachment in flood plain and climate change. A first step towards strengthening resilience in Surat requires a robust method for mapping flood exposure at fine spatial resolution. Here, in this study we have developed such a method for Surat using a reduced-complexity 15 hydrodynamic model to simulate flooding, but is easily transferable to other urban locations. Our method features three distinct phases that involve: 1) modelling dam release discharge from the Ukai dam arriving at Surat, 2) modelling flooding within Surat caused by the combination of dam release and tides, and, 3) identifying Surat critical infrastructure, population, and income groups exposed to flooding. Our flood model of Surat utilizes topography produced using elevation data collected from an extensive survey. Within the city we have modelled flood scenarios that represent the uncertainty in flood peak discharge 20 and duration resulting from possible climate change. These scenarios include catastrophic conditions that flood 50% of the city and expose > 60% of the population and critical infrastructure to deep flooding. Finally, we highlight how our modelling has contributed to changes in flood risk management within the city following a major flood and resulted in actions that have increased community resilience to flood hazard.

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The science and practice of river restoration

Cited by 514 publications

References 245 publications

Flow Hydrodynamics across Open Channel Flows with Riparian Zones: Implications for Riverbank Stability

Flow Hydrodynamics across Open Channel Flows with Riparian Zones: Implications for Riverbank Stability

Evaluating the effectiveness of restoring longitudinal connectivity for stream fish communities: towards a more holistic approach

Flood modeling can make a difference: Disaster risk-reduction and resilience-building in urban areas

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